What event MOST directly relates to Chinese citizens’ boycott of U.S. goods?
A. defeat of the Boxer Rebellion
B. onset of the Sino-Japanese War
C. cancellation of the J. P. Morgan loan
D. mediation of the Treaty of Portsmouth
C. cancellation of the J. P. Morgan loan
The correct answer is C. cancellation of the J. P. Morgan loan.
Explanation: The cancellation of the J. P. Morgan loan directly relates to Chinese citizens' boycott of U.S. goods. In 1911, the newly formed Republic of China sought a loan from J. P. Morgan & Co. to fund infrastructure projects. However, due to the unstable political situation in China and concerns over repayment, J. P. Morgan canceled the loan. This cancellation was seen as a direct betrayal of China's interests by the United States, leading to widespread anger among Chinese citizens. As a result, they initiated a boycott of U.S. goods as a form of protest.
To determine which event most directly relates to Chinese citizens' boycott of U.S. goods, we need to evaluate the options provided.
A. The defeat of the Boxer Rebellion: Although the Boxer Rebellion occurred in China during the late 19th century, it did not have a direct correlation with a boycott of U.S. goods. The rebellion aimed to expel foreign influence from China, but it did not focus specifically on U.S. goods.
B. The onset of the Sino-Japanese War: The Sino-Japanese War started in 1937 and involved military conflict between China and Japan. While this war did cause tensions between China and Japan, it did not directly lead to a boycott of U.S. goods.
C. The cancellation of the J. P. Morgan loan: This event refers to the termination of a major loan from J. P. Morgan, an American financier, to China. Although the cancellation of the loan might have impacted China's economy, it doesn't directly link to a boycott of U.S. goods.
D. The mediation of the Treaty of Portsmouth: The Treaty of Portsmouth was a peace treaty that ended the Russo-Japanese War in 1905. While this event, as with the Sino-Japanese War, affected China's relationship with Japan, it did not have a direct link to a boycott of U.S. goods.
Considering the options provided, none of them directly relate to Chinese citizens' boycott of U.S. goods. Therefore, the correct answer cannot be determined based on the options given.