explain a similarity and a difference between the particles in liquid water at 100ºC and the particles in steam at 100ºC.
Similarity: Both liquid water and steam at 100ºC are composed of molecules of water (H2O).
Difference: The particles in liquid water at 100ºC are held together by hydrogen bonds, while the particles in steam at 100ºC are not held together and are instead in a gaseous state.
To understand the similarity and difference between the particles in liquid water at 100ºC and steam at 100ºC, we need to consider the concepts of temperature, molecular motion, and phase changes.
Similarity: At 100ºC, both liquid water and steam consist of water molecules. In both cases, the molecules are composed of two hydrogen atoms bonded to one oxygen atom (H2O). In terms of chemical composition, liquid water and steam are the same substance—water.
Difference: The main difference lies in the arrangement and motion of the water molecules. In liquid water, the molecules are closely packed and loosely bound. They move freely but remain closely associated due to intermolecular forces, creating a fluid and cohesive structure. The water molecules are in constant motion but have less kinetic energy than in steam.
In steam, the water molecules have gained more kinetic energy due to increased heat. This additional energy causes the molecules to move much faster and break the intermolecular bonds, resulting in the transition from a liquid to a gaseous state. In steam, the water molecules are more spread out, moving independently and rapidly in random directions.
To understand these differences, we can analyze their phase changes. When the temperature of liquid water reaches 100ºC, it undergoes a phase change called vaporization, specifically boiling, to become steam. During this phase change, energy is supplied to break the intermolecular forces holding the liquid water together, allowing the water molecules to escape into the gas phase.
In summary, the similarity between liquid water at 100ºC and steam at 100ºC is their chemical composition—they are both composed of water molecules. The difference lies in the arrangement and motion of these molecules, with liquid water being closely packed and steam being a gas with rapidly moving, widely spaced molecules.
Similarity:
Both liquid water at 100ºC and steam at 100ºC are composed of water molecules. This means that the chemical composition of the particles in both liquid water and steam is the same.
Difference:
The main difference between the particles in liquid water at 100ºC and steam at 100ºC lies in their arrangement and energy levels. In liquid water, the water molecules are closely packed and have lower energy levels, allowing them to move around but still relatively close to each other. In contrast, in steam, the water molecules have higher energy levels, causing them to move more freely and spread apart.
While the water molecules in liquid water have enough energy to overcome attraction forces and slide past each other, they remain relatively cohesive due to intermolecular forces. In steam, however, the water molecules have enough energy to completely overcome these forces, causing the particles to separate and disperse more widely.
In summary, the similarity is that both liquid water and steam contain water molecules, while the difference lies in the arrangement and energy levels of these molecules, with the particles in liquid water being closer together and having lower energy levels, while the particles in steam are more spread out and have higher energy levels.