What do you mean when we say the modern world? When did it begin? How different from the pre-modern world?
When we refer to the modern world, we are typically referring to the period since the Middle Ages or the Renaissance, which began around the 14th century. The modern world is characterized by significant social, economic, and technological changes that distinguish it from the pre-modern or traditional world.
One of the defining features of the modern world is the shift from agrarian societies to industrialized economies. During the Industrial Revolution, which took place from the late 18th to the early 19th century, there was a notable transition from manual labor and agricultural production to machine-powered manufacturing processes. This shift brought about major changes in economic systems, production methods, transportation, and communication.
The modern world is also characterized by advancements in science, technology, and knowledge. Developments such as the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment led to a more rational and empirical approach to understanding the world. These intellectual and scientific advancements resulted in significant breakthroughs in fields like medicine, engineering, and communication.
Another important distinction of the modern world is the rise of nation-states. While pre-modern societies were often governed by feudal or dynastic systems, the modern era gave rise to centralized political entities with defined territories. This led to the establishment of modern nation-states with centralized governments, bureaucracies, and legal systems.
Socially, the modern world witnessed the erosion of traditional social hierarchies and the emergence of new ideologies and movements, such as liberalism, democracy, and human rights. The French Revolution and the subsequent spread of democratic principles fostered a new emphasis on individual rights, equality, and the rule of law.
In summary, the modern world began around the 14th century and is distinguished from the pre-modern era by industrialization, scientific advancements, the rise of nation-states, and significant social and political changes.