dilute solution of sulfuric acid is added to 15g of copper and iron mixture. a) write the balanced equation for the occuring reaction. b) the volume of H2 evolved at standard conditions is 4.48L, what is the mass of each of the metals constituting the mixture? Vm=24mol.L-1
NOTE: I am using 22.4 L/mol for Vm instead of 24 L/mol
Cu + H2SO4 ==> no reaction.
Fe + H2SO4 ==> FeSO4 + H2
mols H2 evolved = 4.48/22.4 L = 0.2 mol
0.2 mol H2 = 0.2 mol Fe to start.
grams Fe = 0.2 mols x atomic mass Fe = ?
another note: Some industries use 24 L/mol for Vm. But I'm using STP as 273.15 K and 1 atm.
Then mass Fe + mass Cu = 15 g. You know mass Fe. Solve for mass Cu.
a) The balanced equation for the reaction between sulfuric acid and copper, assuming it displaces the iron, can be written as follows:
H2SO4 + Cu → CuSO4 + H2
b) To find the mass of each metal in the mixture, we need to use the stoichiometry of the balanced equation. The equation indicates that 1 mole of copper reacts with 1 mole of sulfuric acid to produce 1 mole of hydrogen gas.
Since we know the volume of hydrogen gas evolved at standard conditions (4.48 L) and the molar volume of hydrogen gas (24 mol/L), we can calculate the moles of hydrogen gas produced:
moles of H2 = volume of H2 / molar volume of H2
moles of H2 = 4.48 L / 24 mol/L = 0.1867 mol
Since the stoichiometry of the reaction tells us that 1 mole of copper produces 1 mole of hydrogen gas, the moles of copper in the mixture is also 0.1867 mol.
Now, we can use the molar mass of copper (Cu) to calculate the mass of copper:
mass of Cu = moles of Cu × molar mass of Cu
mass of Cu = 0.1867 mol × 63.55 g/mol = 11.86 g
Therefore, the mass of copper in the mixture is 11.86 grams.
To find the mass of iron in the mixture, we need to subtract the mass of copper from the total mass of the mixture:
mass of Fe = total mass of mixture - mass of Cu
mass of Fe = 15 g - 11.86 g = 3.14 g
Therefore, the mass of iron in the mixture is 3.14 grams.
a) To write the balanced equation, we first need to understand the reaction between sulfuric acid and copper and iron mixture. Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is an acid, while copper (Cu) and iron (Fe) are metals. The reaction between an acid and a metal typically produces hydrogen gas (H2) and a salt.
The balanced equation for the reaction can be written as:
H2SO4 + Cu + Fe → CuSO4 + FeSO4 + H2
b) To determine the mass of each metal, we can use the volume of hydrogen gas evolved and the molar volume (Vm). The molar volume is given as 24 mol.L-1, which means that one mole of gas occupies 24 liters at standard conditions (0 degrees Celsius and 1 atmosphere pressure).
To find the number of moles of hydrogen gas evolved, we can use the ideal gas law equation:
PV = nRT
Where:
P = pressure (at constant temperature and volume, we can assume the pressure is 1 atm)
V = volume (4.48 L)
n = number of moles of gas
R = ideal gas constant (0.0821 L.atm/(mol.K))
T = temperature (in Kelvin, taken as standard temperature 273 K)
Rearranging the equation to solve for n:
n = PV/RT
n = (1 atm * 4.48 L) / (0.0821 L.atm/(mol.K) * 273 K)
n ≈ 0.209 mol
Since the balanced equation shows that 1 mole of hydrogen gas is produced for every 1 mole of copper and 1 mole of iron reacted, we can conclude that the number of moles of copper and iron is also 0.209 mol each.
Now, to calculate the mass of each metal, we need to know their respective molar masses. Copper (Cu) has a molar mass of approximately 63.55 g/mol, and iron (Fe) has a molar mass of approximately 55.85 g/mol.
The mass of copper can be calculated by multiplying the number of moles (0.209 mol) with the molar mass (63.55 g/mol):
Mass of copper = 0.209 mol * 63.55 g/mol ≈ 13.27 g
Similarly, the mass of iron can be calculated by multiplying the number of moles (0.209 mol) with the molar mass (55.85 g/mol):
Mass of iron = 0.209 mol * 55.85 g/mol ≈ 11.65 g
Therefore, the mass of copper in the mixture is approximately 13.27 g, and the mass of iron is approximately 11.65 g.