What would be the result of a cytosine base being substituted for a thymine base in a DNA segment during DNA replication? (1 point)
The cytosine base would pair with adenine when the DNA was replicated.
The cytosine base would pair with adenine when the DNA was replicated.
The entire segment of DNA would be affected.
The entire segment of DNA would be affected.
The sequence could code for the wrong amino acid during translation.
The sequence could code for the wrong amino acid during translation.
There would be no effect on the DNA.
There would be no effect on the DNA.,
Question 2
A) Which statement is the first step of protein synthesis?(1 point)
Amino acids are linked together with peptide bonds.
Amino acids are linked together with peptide bonds.
DNA unzips between the base pairs.
DNA unzips between the base pairs.
tRNA carries amino acids to the ribosome and attaches them to the mRNA strand.
tRNA carries amino acids to the ribosome and attaches them to the mRNA strand.
A ribosome attaches to the mRNA.
A ribosome attaches to the mRNA.
Question 3
A) Which statement is true?(1 point)
tRNA is attached to specific proteins in the cell’s cytoplasm.
tRNA is attached to specific proteins in the cell’s cytoplasm.
Amino acids form a polypeptide chain via carbon-carbon bonds.
Amino acids form a polypeptide chain via carbon-carbon bonds.
Amino acids do not need to be assembled in a particular order.
Amino acids do not need to be assembled in a particular order.
The human body uses 20 amino acids to form all types of proteins.
The human body uses 20 amino acids to form all types of proteins.
Question 4
A) Which statement about cystic fibrosis is true?(1 point)
Cystic fibrosis is caused by a mutation in which a dominant allele replaces a recessive allele.
Cystic fibrosis is caused by a mutation in which a dominant allele replaces a recessive allele.
Carriers have an advantage over people who do not have the cystic fibrosis mutation.
Carriers have an advantage over people who do not have the cystic fibrosis mutation.
Cystic fibrosis affects a person’s ability to make normal red blood cells.
Cystic fibrosis affects a person’s ability to make normal red blood cells.
Cystic fibrosis is caused by a deletion of one codon in the DNA molecule.
Cystic fibrosis is caused by a deletion of one codon in the DNA molecule.
Question 5
A) What benefit does using the CRISPR technique have in creating GMOs?(1 point)
It eliminates all risk of mutation.
It eliminates all risk of mutation.
Diversity within species can continue to increase through crossbreeding.
Diversity within species can continue to increase through crossbreeding.
Precise traits can be chosen to produce viable organisms more quickly.
Precise traits can be chosen to produce viable organisms more quickly.
CRISPR can result in infertile hybrids.
CRISPR can result in infertile hybrids.
Question 6
A) What is the phenotype of a mouse that has the genotype Bb where B is the gene for black fur and b is the gene for brown fur assuming this gene follows a Mendelian inheritance pattern?(1 point)
fur with both black and brown hairs
fur with both black and brown hairs
fur with brown hairs
fur with brown hairs
fur with yellow hairs
fur with yellow hairs
fur with black hairs
fur with black hairs
Question 7
A) A tall, heterozygous pea plant is crossed with another tall, heterozygous pea plant. What is the probability that an offspring will be a short plant?(1 point)
75%
75%
0%
0%
25%
25%
50%
50%
Question 8
A) Which of the following mutations would be most likely to have a harmful effect on an organism?(1 point)
all mutations have a harmful effect on organisms
all mutations have a harmful effect on organisms
a substitution of a thymine for an adenine
a substitution of a thymine for an adenine
there is not enough information to know whether a mutation would be harmful
there is not enough information to know whether a mutation would be harmful
a deletion of 3 bases near the center of a gene
a deletion of 3 bases near the center of a gene
Question 9
A) Which statement best describes why Punnett squares are useful?(1 point)
Punnett squares are used to predict how recessive alleles are inherited.
Punnett squares are used to predict how recessive alleles are inherited.
Punnett squares are used to predict how dominant alleles are inherited.
Punnett squares are used to predict how dominant alleles are inherited.
Punnett squares are used to predict the most likely allele combinations of the parents in a cross.
Punnett squares are used to predict the most likely allele combinations of the parents in a cross.
Punnett squares are used to predict all possible allele combinations and their frequencies in offspring.
Punnett squares are used to predict all possible allele combinations and their frequencies in offspring.
I know DNA has a double helix, but does your post really need to have a double repetition as well? Soooo annoying...
can someone help with these questions?
For Question 1, the correct answer is "The sequence could code for the wrong amino acid during translation." When a cytosine base is substituted for a thymine base during DNA replication, it can lead to a different code in the mRNA transcript, which can ultimately result in the wrong amino acid being incorporated into the protein during translation.
For Question 2, the correct answer is "DNA unzips between the base pairs." This is the first step of protein synthesis, where the double-stranded DNA molecule separates and unzips between the complementary base pairs.
For Question 3, the correct answer is "The human body uses 20 amino acids to form all types of proteins." The human body utilizes a set of 20 amino acids to synthesize the wide variety of proteins needed for various cellular functions.
For Question 4, the correct answer is "Cystic fibrosis is caused by a mutation in which a recessive allele replaces a recessive allele." Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder caused by the presence of two mutated copies of the gene responsible for encoding the CFTR protein.
For Question 5, the correct answer is "Precise traits can be chosen to produce viable organisms more quickly." The CRISPR technique allows for precise gene editing, so specific traits can be targeted and modified in organisms, making it a valuable tool for creating genetically modified organisms (GMOs).
For Question 6, the correct answer is "fur with black hairs." In this genotype (Bb), where B represents the gene for black fur and b represents the gene for brown fur, black fur is dominant over brown fur. Therefore, the phenotype of the mouse would exhibit black fur.
For Question 7, the correct answer is "25%." When crossing two heterozygous tall pea plants (Tt), the probability of obtaining a short plant (tt) would be 25%. This is because in a Punnett square analysis, the genotype ratios for the offspring would be 1 TT : 2 Tt : 1 tt.
For Question 8, the correct answer is "a deletion of 3 bases near the center of a gene." This type of mutation, where three bases are deleted, can cause a frameshift mutation and disrupt the reading frame of the gene, potentially leading to a nonfunctional or altered protein.
For Question 9, the correct answer is "Punnett squares are used to predict all possible allele combinations and their frequencies in offspring." Punnett squares are a tool used in genetics to predict the possible combinations of alleles for specific traits in offspring resulting from a cross between two individuals.
To get the answer to question 1, you need to understand the process of DNA replication and the pairing of bases. During DNA replication, the two strands of DNA separate, and each strand serves as a template for the synthesis of a new strand. The bases on the template strand determine the sequence of the complementary bases on the new strand.
In DNA, cytosine (C) normally pairs with guanine (G), and adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T). If a cytosine base is substituted for a thymine base in a DNA segment during replication, it means that the original cytosine on the template strand will pair with adenine, instead of guanine.
Therefore, the correct answer is:
- The cytosine base would pair with adenine when the DNA was replicated.
To get the answer to question 2, you need to understand the steps of protein synthesis. Protein synthesis involves two main processes: transcription and translation. Transcription occurs in the nucleus, where the DNA sequence is transcribed into mRNA. Translation occurs in the ribosomes, where the mRNA sequence is translated into a sequence of amino acids to form a protein.
The first step of protein synthesis is transcription, where DNA unzips between the base pairs. The mRNA is synthesized by complementary base pairing with the DNA template strand.
Therefore, the correct answer is:
- DNA unzips between the base pairs.
To get the answer to question 3, you need to have knowledge about tRNA, amino acids, and protein synthesis. tRNA (transfer RNA) is a type of RNA molecule that carries specific amino acids to the ribosome during translation. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins and are assembled in a specific order to form a polypeptide chain.
The correct answer is:
- The human body uses 20 amino acids to form all types of proteins.
To get the answer to question 4, you need to know about cystic fibrosis and inheritance patterns. Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disease caused by a mutation in the CFTR gene, which affects the production of a protein involved in the transport of chloride ions. It is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, meaning that an individual must inherit two copies of the mutated allele to have the disease.
Therefore, the correct answer is:
- Cystic fibrosis is caused by a mutation in which a recessive allele replaces a recessive allele.
To get the answer to question 5, you need to understand the CRISPR technique and its applications in creating genetically modified organisms (GMOs). CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) is a gene-editing technique that allows scientists to make precise changes in the DNA of an organism.
The benefit of using the CRISPR technique in creating GMOs is that precise traits can be chosen to produce viable organisms more quickly. CRISPR enables targeted modifications in the DNA, allowing scientists to introduce specific traits that they desire.
Therefore, the correct answer is:
- Precise traits can be chosen to produce viable organisms more quickly.
To get the answer to question 6, you need to understand the concept of genotype and phenotype and how they relate to Mendelian inheritance patterns. Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an organism, while phenotype refers to the observable traits of an organism.
In this scenario, a mouse with the genotype Bb, where B is the gene for black fur and b is the gene for brown fur, follows a Mendelian inheritance pattern. In this pattern, the dominant allele (B) masks the expression of the recessive allele (b). Since the mouse has one dominant allele (B) and one recessive allele (b), the phenotype would be fur with black hairs.
Therefore, the correct answer is:
- Fur with black hairs.
To get the answer to question 7, you need to understand the principles of Mendelian genetics and the inheritance of traits. In this scenario, both parent pea plants are heterozygous for the tall trait, meaning they have one dominant allele (T) and one recessive allele (t).
The probability of an offspring being short can be determined using a Punnett square. Crossing two heterozygous parents (Tt x Tt) would result in a 25% probability of producing a short plant (tt).
Therefore, the correct answer is:
- 25%.
To get the answer to question 8, you need to understand the concept of mutations and their effects on organisms. Mutations are changes in the DNA sequence that can have various effects, ranging from no effect to harmful effects on the organism.
In this scenario, a deletion of three bases near the center of a gene can have a harmful effect because it can disrupt the reading frame, leading to a frameshift mutation. Frameshift mutations can alter the entire amino acid sequence of the protein, potentially affecting its structure and function.
Therefore, the correct answer is:
- A deletion of 3 bases near the center of a gene.
To get the answer to question 9, you need to understand Punnett squares and their usefulness in predicting allele combinations and their frequencies in offspring. Punnett squares are a visual tool used to predict the possible combinations of alleles that offspring can inherit from their parents.
The most likely allele combinations of the parents in a cross can be predicted using Punnett squares. By crossing two organisms with known genotypes, you can determine the possible genotypes and phenotypes of their offspring.
Therefore, the correct answer is:
- Punnett squares are used to predict the most likely allele combinations of the parents in a cross.