Predict the products of the following neutralization reactions and balance the chemical equation. Identify the salt of every reaction.
1. 𝐇𝐁𝐫(𝐚𝐪) + 𝐍𝐇𝟑 (𝐚𝐪) →
2. 𝐁𝐚(𝐎𝐇)𝟐(𝐚𝐪) + 𝐇𝟑𝐏𝐎𝟒 (𝐚𝐪) →
3. 𝐇𝟐𝐂𝐎𝟑 (𝐚𝐪) + 𝐊𝐎𝐇(𝐚𝐪) →
1. 𝐇𝐁𝐫(𝐚𝐪) + 𝐍𝐇𝟑 (𝐚𝐪) → NH4Br
2. 𝐁𝐚(𝐎𝐇)𝟐(𝐚𝐪) + 𝐇𝟑𝐏𝐎𝟒 (𝐚𝐪) → Ba3(PO4)2 + H2O
3. 𝐇𝟐𝐂𝐎𝟑 (𝐚𝐪) + 𝐊𝐎𝐇(𝐚𝐪) → K2CO3 + H2O
You balance and add the solvent.
1. The first reaction is a neutralization reaction between hydrobromic acid (HBr) and ammonia (NH3). The products of this reaction are ammonium bromide (NH4Br).
The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is:
HBr(aq) + NH3(aq) → NH4Br(aq)
2. The second reaction is a neutralization reaction between barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)2) and phosphoric acid (H3PO4). The products of this reaction are barium phosphate (Ba3(PO4)2) and water (H2O).
The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is:
3Ba(OH)2(aq) + 2H3PO4(aq) → Ba3(PO4)2(aq) + 6H2O(l)
3. The third reaction is a neutralization reaction between hydrochloric acid (HCl) and potassium hydroxide (KOH). The products of this reaction are potassium chloride (KCl) and water (H2O).
The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is:
HCl(aq) + KOH(aq) → KCl(aq) + H2O(l)
In each reaction, the salt formed is indicated by the compound on the right side of the arrow.
To predict the products of neutralization reactions and balance the chemical equations, we need to understand the general process of neutralization and the properties of acids and bases.
Neutralization is a chemical reaction between an acid and a base that results in the formation of water and a salt. In this process, the acid donates a proton (H+) to the base, forming water (H2O). The remaining anion from the acid combines with the cation from the base to form a salt.
Let's use this understanding to predict the products and balance the equations for the given neutralization reactions:
1. 𝐇𝐁𝐫(𝐚𝐪) + 𝐍𝐇𝟑 (𝐚𝐪) →
To predict the products, we need to determine the cation and anion from each reactant.
From 𝐇𝐁𝐫 (hydrobromic acid), we know that the cation is H+.
From 𝐍𝐇𝟑 (ammonia), we know that the anion is NH3.
The neutralization reaction between hydrobromic acid and ammonia can be written as follows:
𝐇𝐁𝐫(𝐚𝐪) + 𝐍𝐇𝟑 (𝐚𝐪) → 𝐇𝟐𝐎 (liquid) + 𝐍𝐀𝐁𝐫 (salt)
The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is:
2 HBr (aq) + 2 NH3 (aq) → 2 H2O (l) + 2 NH4Br (aq)
In this reaction, water (H2O) is formed, and ammonium bromide (NH4Br) is the salt produced.
2. 𝐁𝐚(𝐎𝐇)𝟐(𝐚𝐪) + 𝐇𝟑𝐏𝐎𝟒 (𝐚𝐪) →
From 𝐁𝐚(𝐎𝐇)𝟐 (barium hydroxide), we know that the cation is Ba2+.
From 𝐇𝟑𝐏𝐎𝟒 (phosphoric acid), we know that the anion is H2PO4-.
The neutralization reaction between barium hydroxide and phosphoric acid can be written as follows:
𝐁𝐚(𝐎𝐇)𝟐(𝐚𝐪) + 𝐇𝟑𝐏𝐎𝟒 (𝐚𝐪) → 𝐇𝟐𝐎 (liquid) + 𝐁𝐚𝐇𝐏𝐎𝟒 (salt)
The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is:
3 Ba(OH)2(aq) + 2 H3PO4(aq) → 6 H2O(l) + Ba(HPO4)2(aq)
In this reaction, water (H2O) is formed, and barium hydrogen phosphate (Ba(HPO4)2) is the salt produced.
3. 𝐇𝟐𝐂𝐎𝟑 (𝐚𝐪) + 𝐊𝐎𝐇 (𝐚𝐪) →
From 𝐇𝟐𝐂𝐎𝟑 (hydrochloric acid), we know that the cation is H+.
From 𝐊𝐎𝐇 (potassium hydroxide), we know that the anion is OH-.
The neutralization reaction between hydrochloric acid and potassium hydroxide can be written as follows:
𝐇𝟐𝐂𝐎𝟑 (𝐚𝐪) + 𝐊𝐎𝐇 (𝐚𝐪) → 𝐇𝟐𝐎 (liquid) + 𝐊𝐂𝐋 (salt)
The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is:
2 HCl(aq) + 2 KOH(aq) → 2 H2O(l) + 2 KCl(aq)
In this reaction, water (H2O) is formed, and potassium chloride (KCl) is the salt produced.
In summary:
1. 𝐇𝐁𝐫(𝐚𝐪) + 𝐍𝐇𝟑 (𝐚𝐪) → 2 H2O (l) + 2 NH4Br (aq) (salt: ammonium bromide)
2. 𝐁𝐚(𝐎𝐇)𝟐(𝐚𝐪) + 𝐇𝟑𝐏𝐎𝟒 (𝐚𝐪) → 6 H2O (l) + Ba(HPO4)2 (aq) (salt: barium hydrogen phosphate)
3. 𝐇𝟐𝐂𝐎𝟑 (𝐚𝐪) + 𝐊𝐎𝐇 (𝐚𝐪) → 2 H2O (l) + 2 KCl (aq) (salt: potassium chloride)