The robber’s cave study found derogation of the outgroup emerged:
A) after mere group formation
B) when competition between the two groups was introduced
C) when cooperative goals were introduced
D) in none of the above conditions
I think it's A. I want to confirm it though...
To confirm the correct answer, let's go through the options and discuss the findings of the robber's cave study:
A) After mere group formation - In the robber's cave study, this refers to the initial stage where two groups of boys were randomly formed. Each group went through a period of bonding and developing a sense of group identity. During this phase, the boys did not display derogation of the outgroup. So, this option is not likely to be the correct answer.
B) When competition between the two groups was introduced - In the study, a competitive element was introduced after group formation. The two groups were pitted against each other in various competitions, such as sports or games. Researchers observed that when competition was introduced, derogation of the outgroup emerged. So, this option seems to be a valid answer.
C) When cooperative goals were introduced - After observing the negative intergroup dynamics resulting from competition, the researchers then introduced a phase of intergroup cooperation. They presented the groups with common goals that required them to work together towards a shared outcome. During this cooperative phase, the derogation of the outgroup was significantly reduced. Therefore, this option is not likely to be the correct answer.
D) In none of the above conditions - Based on the findings mentioned above, we can conclude that derogation of the outgroup did emerge in the robber's cave study when competition between the two groups was introduced. Hence, option D is not the correct answer.
Therefore, the correct answer is most likely B) when competition between the two groups was introduced.