Compute the ratio of the effusion and/or diffusion rates of gaseous ammonia (NH3) to gaseous hydrogen chloride (HCl)
To compute the ratio of the effusion and/or diffusion rates of gaseous ammonia (NH3) and gaseous hydrogen chloride (HCl), we need to use Graham's law of effusion/diffusion. Graham's law states that the rate of effusion/diffusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molar mass.
The molar mass of NH3 is 17.03 g/mol, and the molar mass of HCl is 36.46 g/mol.
Let's denote the effusion rate of ammonia as R(NH3) and the effusion rate of hydrogen chloride as R(HCl).
According to Graham's law, the ratio of the effusion rates is given by:
R(NH3) / R(HCl) = √(molar mass of HCl) / √(molar mass of NH3)
Plugging in the values, we have:
R(NH3) / R(HCl) = √(36.46 g/mol) / √(17.03 g/mol)
Now, let's calculate the ratio:
R(NH3) / R(HCl) = 6.04 / 4.13
Rounding to two decimal places, the ratio of the effusion and/or diffusion rates of gaseous ammonia to gaseous hydrogen chloride is approximately 1.46.
To compute the ratio of the effusion or diffusion rates of two different gases, we need to compare their rates according to Graham's law of effusion.
Graham's law of effusion states that the rate of effusion or diffusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molar mass.
The formula for the ratio of effusion or diffusion rates (R) of two gases can be given as:
R = (rate of gas A) / (rate of gas B)
R = (√(molar mass of gas B)) / (√(molar mass of gas A))
In this case, we are comparing gaseous ammonia (NH3) to gaseous hydrogen chloride (HCl).
The molar mass of NH3 is calculated as follows:
Molar Mass of NH3 = (1 * atomic mass of N) + (3 * atomic mass of H)
The molar mass of HCl is calculated as follows:
Molar Mass of HCl = atomic mass of H + atomic mass of Cl
Now, we need to know the atomic masses of N, H, and Cl. The atomic mass of N is 14.01 g/mol, the atomic mass of H is 1.01 g/mol, and the atomic mass of Cl is 35.45 g/mol.
Let's calculate the molar masses:
Molar Mass of NH3 = (1 * 14.01) + (3 * 1.01) = 14.01 + 3.03 = 17.04 g/mol
Molar Mass of HCl = 1.01 + 35.45 = 36.46 g/mol
Now we can compute the ratio of the effusion or diffusion rates:
R = (√(molar mass of HCl)) / (√(molar mass of NH3))
R = (√36.46) / (√17.04)
R ≈ 6.04 / 4.13
R ≈ 1.46
Therefore, the ratio of the effusion or diffusion rates of gaseous ammonia (NH3) to gaseous hydrogen chloride (HCl) is approximately 1.46.
mm stands for molar mass
(rate NH3/rate H2) = sqrt (mm H2/mm NH3)
(ratae NH3/rate H2) = sqrt (2/17)
You do the math. Show your work if you have questions.