The process you are referring to is called diffusion. Diffusion is the spontaneous movement of molecules or particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. It is driven by the natural random motion of particles, which causes them to spread out and become evenly distributed over time. In the context of a cell, diffusion allows various molecules, such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and small non-polar molecules, to move across the cell membrane and distribute themselves evenly between the inside and outside of the cell. This process does not require any energy input from the cell and occurs until equilibrium is reached, where the concentration is equal on both sides of the membrane.
