Starting with the graph of f(x)=3^x, write the equation of the graph that results from

a) shifting f(x) 1 units downward. y=
b) shifting f(x) 1 units to the right. y=
c) reflecting f(x) about the y-axis. y=

recall that

f(x-h) shifts h to the right
f(x)+k shifts up by k
f(-x) reflects across the y-axis