If a person dives out of the raft in the direction indicated by arrow A the boat will move in the direction indicated by arrow B. Which principle does this illustrate?
This scenario illustrates Newton's third law of motion. According to Newton's third law, for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. When the person dives out of the raft in the direction indicated by arrow A, they exert a force on the water in that direction. As a result, the water exerts an equal and opposite force on the person, pushing them in the opposite direction. This is represented by arrow B, indicating the direction in which the boat will move.
To further understand this principle, you can perform an experiment by yourself. Place a small boat or any other floating object in a basin of water. Then, using your finger, generate a force by pushing the water in a specific direction. Observe how the boat reacts and moves in the opposite direction. This experimental setup can help you visualize and experience firsthand the idea of action and reaction described by Newton's third law.