Describe 2 structures of a plant that help it survive living on the land.
To describe two structures of a plant that help it survive living on land, we need to look at adaptations specific to terrestrial environments.
1. Roots: Roots play a crucial role in anchoring the plant into the ground and absorbing water and nutrients from the soil. They are typically present below the ground and vary in size, shape, and structure depending on the plant species. The primary functions of roots include nutrient and water uptake, storage of food reserves, and providing stability to the plant. The ability of roots to delve deep into the soil aids in accessing water sources, which may be crucial in regions with limited rainfall. Additionally, root systems can form symbiotic relationships with fungi, such as mycorrhizae, enhancing nutrient absorption and overall plant health.
2. Cuticle and Stomata: The cuticle is a waxy, waterproof layer covering the aerial parts of the plant, such as leaves and stems. It helps reduce water loss by creating a barrier between the plant's internal tissues and the external environment. The cuticle, combined with specialized structures called stomata, plays a vital role in regulating gas exchange and controlling water loss. Stomata are tiny pores found on leaves and stems that allow gas exchange, including the uptake of carbon dioxide necessary for photosynthesis and the release of oxygen. However, it also leads to water loss through transpiration. To minimize excessive water loss, plants can regulate stomatal openings, which are controlled by guard cells. This adaptation helps plants conserve water and survive in dry or arid conditions.
So, the structures of roots and the cuticle with stomata are two essential adaptations that help plants survive living on land.