Posted by Emily on Wednesday, January 20, 2010 at 5:24pm.
Participles end in -ing or some form of the past tense. Participles do not have helping verbs or subjects. Participles act as adjectives.
The participial phrase in that sentence is including all the lectures and outlines.
http://www.mpcfaculty.net/essc/handouts/PartPh.htm
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