A study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of varying amounts of vitamin C in reducing the number of common colds. A survey of 450 people provided the following information:
Daily amount of vitamin C taken
None 500 mg 1000 mg
No Colds 57 26 17
At least one cold 223 84 43
What conclusion can be made? (1 point)
The data proves that vitamin C reduces the number of common colds.
The data proves that vitamin C has no effect on the number of common colds.
There appears to be an association between consumption of vitamin C and the increase of common colds.
There appears to be no association between consumption of vitamin C and the occurrence of common colds.
Since common colds are caused by viruses, there is no reason to conclude that vitamin C could have any effect.
Based on the given data, the conclusion that can be made is: There appears to be an association between consumption of vitamin C and the increase of common colds.
To determine the conclusion based on the data provided, we need to analyze the relationship between the consumption of vitamin C and the occurrence of common colds.
Firstly, let's look at the data provided in the survey:
Daily amount of vitamin C taken:
- None: No Colds - 57, At least one cold - 223
- 500 mg: No Colds - 26, At least one cold - 84
- 1000 mg: No Colds - 17, At least one cold - 43
Now, we can analyze the data by comparing the number of people who consumed different amounts of vitamin C and the number of people who experienced no colds or at least one cold.
From the data, we can see that there is a difference in the number of people who experienced no colds and at least one cold across the different amounts of vitamin C consumed. This suggests that there might be an association between the consumption of vitamin C and the occurrence of common colds.
Therefore, based on the provided data, the conclusion that can be made is:
There appears to be an association between the consumption of vitamin C and the occurrence of common colds.
It is important to note that this conclusion is based on the data provided in the study and does not necessarily imply a causal relationship. Other factors and variables may also influence the occurrence of common colds.
Use the Chi-square (X^2) method.
X^2 = ∑ (O-E)^2/E, where O = observed frequency and E = expected frequency.
∑ = sum of all the cells.
E = (column total * row total)/grand total
df = n - 1, where n = number of cells
Look up value in X^2 table in the back of your textbook to come to your decision.