Explain how the process of fertilization take place in human female ?what would happen if there is no fertilization?
I assume that you are referring to humans. Fertilization takes places when a sperm enters the ovum. If there is no fertilization, there is no zygote and no baby.
The process of fertilization in human females, also known as conception, is the union of a sperm cell with an egg cell to form a zygote. Here is an explanation of how fertilization takes place:
1. Ovulation: During a woman's menstrual cycle, a mature egg is released from one of her ovaries. This is called ovulation. The egg then travels through the fallopian tube towards the uterus.
2. Sperm penetration: Meanwhile, during sexual intercourse, sperm are deposited into the . They swim through the cervix, into the uterus, and eventually reach the fallopian tube.
3. Fertilization: If there are sperm present in the fallopian tube at the same time as the egg, one of the sperm may penetrate the outer layer of the egg, and its genetic material (23 chromosomes) combines with the egg's genetic material (also 23 chromosomes) to form a zygote (46 chromosomes). This process is called fertilization.
4. Implantation: The fertilized egg, now called a zygote, continues moving through the fallopian tube towards the uterus. It undergoes several divisions and becomes a blastocyst. Around six to seven days after fertilization, the blastocyst attaches to the lining of the uterus in a process called implantation.
If there is no fertilization, several things happen:
1. Menstruation: If the egg is not fertilized, hormonal changes will occur. The lining of the uterus, which thickens in preparation for a potential pregnancy, is shed. This shedding leads to menstruation, where the woman experiences the discharge of blood and tissues from the uterus, marking the end of the menstrual cycle.
2. No pregnancy: Without fertilization, there will be no pregnancy. The egg will not be implanted, and no zygote will be formed. The woman's body will go through its regular cycle, and the reproductive process will start again with the next menstrual cycle.
To determine if fertilization has occurred, a woman may look out for signs such as a missed period, breast tenderness, fatigue, and changes in mood, among others. A reliable way to confirm fertilization is by taking a pregnancy test, which detects the presence of a hormone called human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in the woman's urine or blood.