Hello. Thank you for answering my previous question. I would be very grateful for some more help.
1)In one of the sources I came across the phrase "the nobility was coopted from the military". Does "co-opted" here mean "drawn, incorporated from"? (the source is a transltion from Polish into English)
2)I'm still working with my report. Could you please say if the following is normal English:
a)Their debt rose from 13 million roubles to 23 million roubles. (Is it possible or necessary to omit "roubles" or "million" somewhere in the phrase?)
b)their position was ensured by hereditary property and, which is no less important, by political loyalty. (which word is correct in the phrase, which or what is no less important; and is the word order OK?)
c)they had to observe the rules,i.e. to? obey orders and to? ... (Do I need to use particles in this structure or is it possible to omit them?)
d)A landowner named Sanov had an estate with more than 30,000 roubles in official debt (is it IN or OF debt, maybe none?)
e)his creditors included 300 people and more than 10 companies and bandks that claimed his property which consisted of...
f)is it possible to say "taxable groups of the population", i.e. people who pay taxes.
g)the policy brought fast results in territorial gains (I mean they conquered large territories)
h)Do you think it's grammatically correct to complete the previous sentence in the following way "The policy brought fast results in territorial gains - a phenomenon which was researched in the works of..."
j)they built society on the foundation of the blood they shed together in battles against the enemy (do I need an article before the word "blood")
THANK YOU VERY MUCH.
1) In one of the sources I came across the phrase "the nobility was coopted from the military". Does "co-opted" here mean "drawn, incorporated from"? (the source is a transltion from Polish into English) http://www.answers.com/coopt <~~Read through all the definitions and synonyms here to make sure you understand the meaning.
2) I'm still working with my report. Could you please say if the following is normal English:
a) Their debt rose from 13 million to 23 million rubles.
b) Their position was ensured by hereditary property and -- no less important -- by political loyalty. Note that a dash is made by typing space/hyphen/hyphen/space before and after the phrase you want to set off from the rest of the sentence. Commas alone aren’t strong enough.
c) They had to observe the rules and obey orders.
d) A landowner named Sanov had an estate with more than 30,000 rubles of official debt.
e) His creditors included 300 people and more than 10 companies, including some banks, that claimed his property which consisted of ...
f) is it possible to say "taxable groups of the population", i.e. people who pay taxes. Don’t all people (in the population) pay taxes? I don’t understand the context for this phrasing.
g) The policy brought about huge territorial gains.
h) Do you think it's grammatically correct to complete the previous sentence in the following way "The policy brought fast results in territorial gains, a phenomenon which was researched in the works of..."
j) They built society on the foundation of the blood they shed in battles against the enemy.
A better link:
http://www.answers.com/topic/co-opt
Hello again! I'm glad to help you with your report. Here are the explanations for each of your questions:
1) Yes, in this context, "co-opted" means "drawn or incorporated from." It suggests that the nobility was recruited or brought into the military.
2a) The sentence "Their debt rose from 13 million roubles to 23 million roubles" is grammatically correct. It is not necessary to omit "roubles" or "million" anywhere in the phrase, as they provide clarity on the currency and amount.
2b) Both "which" and "what" can be used in the phrase, but "which is no less important" is more common. The word order in the sentence is fine.
2c) In the phrase "they had to observe the rules, i.e. to obey orders and to..." you can choose to include or omit the particles "to." It would be grammatically correct to write "they had to observe the rules, i.e. obey orders and..."
2d) In the sentence "A landowner named Sanov had an estate with more than 30,000 roubles in official debt," you can use "of" or "in" to indicate the relationship between the estate and the debt. Both are grammatically correct. The choice depends on the specific context and what you want to emphasize.
2e) The sentence "his creditors included 300 people and more than 10 companies and banks that claimed his property, which consisted of..." is correct. There is no need to make any changes.
2f) Yes, it is possible to say "taxable groups of the population" to refer to people who pay taxes. It is a valid expression.
2g) The sentence "the policy brought fast results in territorial gains" is correct and suggests that large territories were conquered as a result of the policy.
2h) Yes, it is grammatically correct to complete the previous sentence with "The policy brought fast results in territorial gains - a phenomenon that was researched in the works of..." The addition provides further context and introduces the source of the research.
2j) In the phrase "they built society on the foundation of the blood they shed together in battles against the enemy," it is not necessary to use an article before the word "blood." The sentence is grammatically correct as it is.
I hope these explanations help you with your report! If you have any more questions, feel free to ask.