Create a null hypothesis for the following research questions:
a. What are the differences between emergency room shifts on medication errors?
b. On a clinical trial of a new drug, what will be the effects over a currently use drugs?
Ho: errors in shift one = errors in shift two
Use principle indicated above to give second Ho.
a. Null hypothesis for "What are the differences between emergency room shifts on medication errors?":
"There is no significant difference in the occurrence of medication errors between different emergency room shifts."
To create a null hypothesis for this research question, you would assume that any differences in medication errors between shifts are due to chance and not because of any systematic or significant factors related to the shifts themselves.
To determine the null hypothesis, you would need to conduct a statistical test, such as an analysis of variance (ANOVA) or t-test, to compare the mean number of medication errors between different emergency room shifts. Based on the statistical results, you would either reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis.
b. Null hypothesis for "On a clinical trial of a new drug, what will be the effects over a currently used drug?":
"The new drug will have no significant effects on the outcomes as compared to the currently used drug."
For this research question, the null hypothesis assumes that there will be no significant difference in the outcomes between the new drug and the currently used drug. This assumption allows for comparing the effects of the two drugs in order to identify any potential differences.
To establish the null hypothesis, you would conduct a comparative analysis, such as a randomized controlled trial, to evaluate the effects of the new drug versus the currently used drug. Statistical tests, such as hypothesis testing or confidence interval estimation, would then be performed to determine whether the null hypothesis can be rejected or not.