Create a null hypothesis for the following research questions:

a. What are the differences between emergency room shifts on medication errors?

b. On a clinical trial of a new drug, what will be the effects over a currently used drug?

A null hypothesis expects no difference.

To create null hypotheses for the given research questions, we need to phrase them in a way that assumes there will be no significant difference or effect in the variables being examined.

a. Null hypothesis for the research question "What are the differences between emergency room shifts on medication errors?":
- There are no statistically significant differences in medication errors between different emergency room shifts.

b. Null hypothesis for the research question "On a clinical trial of a new drug, what will be the effects over a currently used drug?":
- There are no statistically significant effects of the new drug over the currently used drug in the clinical trial.

These null hypotheses assume that there will be no meaningful or significant differences or effects in the variables under investigation. Researchers then conduct statistical tests to either accept or reject the null hypotheses based on the collected data.