1. Ted is 2 years older than Bill.

2. Ted is 5 centimeters taller than Bill.
3. Ted is 10 kilograms heavier than Bill.

(Are they all grammatical?)

4. Ted is 165 cm tall.
(How do we read '165 cm' here?
5. one hundred sixty-five centimeters
6. one sixty-five centimeters
7. one hundred and sixty-five centimeters)

1-3 -- yes, they're all fine.

4 is fine; and you'd read the number as in 5.

1. Yes, all the sentences are grammatically correct.

2. '165 cm' can be read in different ways depending on the preference of the speaker and the context. Here are three commonly used ways to read '165 cm':

5. "One hundred sixty-five centimeters" - This is a straightforward way to read the number as individual digits. It is commonly used in formal contexts and when precision is important.

6. "One sixty-five centimeters" - This is a more casual way to read the number. In this case, the words 'hundred' and 'and' are omitted. It is commonly used in everyday conversation.

7. "One hundred and sixty-five centimeters" - This is also a valid way to read the number, especially in American English. The word 'and' can be placed after 'hundred' to make it more explicit. This form is often used in both formal and informal contexts.

All three ways are correct, but the choice depends on the specific situation and personal preference.