State the null hypothesis, Ho, and the alternative hypothesis, Ha, that would be used to test these claims.
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(a) There is an increase in the mean difference between posttest and pretest scores.
Ho: ¦Ìd 0
Ha: ¦Ìd 0
(b) Following a special training session, it is believed that the mean of the difference in performance scores will not be zero.
Ho: ¦Ìd 0
Ha: ¦Ìd 0
(c) On average, there is no difference between the readings from two inspectors on each of the selected parts.
Ho: ¦Ìd 0
Ha: ¦Ìd 0
(d) The mean of the differences between pre-self-esteem and post-self-esteem scores showed improvement after involvement in a college learning community.
Ho: ¦Ìd 0
Ha: ¦Ìd 0
(a) Ho: μd = 0
Ha: μd > 0
(b) Ho: μd = 0
Ha: μd ≠ 0
(c) Ho: μd = 0
Ha: μd ≠ 0
(d) Ho: μd = 0
Ha: μd > 0
(a) Ho: μd ≤ μ0, Ha: μd > μ0 (where μd represents the mean difference between posttest and pretest scores)
(b) Ho: μd = 0, Ha: μd ≠ 0
(c) Ho: μd = 0, Ha: μd ≠ 0
(d) Ho: μd ≤ 0, Ha: μd > 0 (where μd represents the mean difference between pre-self-esteem and post-self-esteem scores)
(a) For the claim that there is an increase in the mean difference between posttest and pretest scores, the null hypothesis (Ho) would be that there is no increase in the mean difference between the two scores. The alternative hypothesis (Ha) would be that there is an increase in the mean difference between the two scores.
Ho: μd = 0
Ha: μd > 0
(b) For the claim that following a special training session, the mean of the difference in performance scores will not be zero, the null hypothesis (Ho) would be that the mean difference in performance scores is zero. The alternative hypothesis (Ha) would be that the mean difference in performance scores is not zero.
Ho: μd = 0
Ha: μd ≠ 0
(c) For the claim that on average, there is no difference between the readings from two inspectors on each of the selected parts, the null hypothesis (Ho) would be that there is no difference between the readings from the two inspectors. The alternative hypothesis (Ha) would be that there is a difference between the readings from the two inspectors.
Ho: μd = 0
Ha: μd ≠ 0
(d) For the claim that the mean of the differences between pre-self-esteem and post-self-esteem scores showed improvement after involvement in a college learning community, the null hypothesis (Ho) would be that there is no improvement in the mean difference between the two scores. The alternative hypothesis (Ha) would be that there is an improvement in the mean difference between the two scores.
Ho: μd = 0
Ha: μd > 0