If the symbol X represents a central atom, Y represents outer atoms, and Z represents lone pairs on the central atom, the structure Y-:X:-Y could be abbreviated as XY2Z2.
Classify these structures according to their shape.
XY2Z,XY2Z2,XY2Z3,XY3Z,XY3Z2,XY4Z,XY4Z2,XY5Z
The categories are linear, bent(~120), bent(~109), trigonal pyramidal, t-shaped, see-saw, square planar, square pyramidal
respectively.
To classify these structures according to their shape, you can follow the Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory. This theory states that the arrangement of electron pairs around the central atom of a molecule determines its molecular geometry. Based on the number of outer atoms (Y) and lone pairs (Z) in each structure, we can determine their shapes. Here's how you can classify each structure:
1. XY2Z: This structure has two outer atoms (Y) and one lone pair (Z). It follows the VSEPR theory and is classified as "bent (~120)" shape.
2. XY2Z2: With two outer atoms (Y) and two lone pairs (Z), this structure is also classified as "bent (~109)" shape.
3. XY2Z3: This structure has two outer atoms (Y) and three lone pairs (Z). It follows the VSEPR theory and is classified as "linear" shape.
4. XY3Z: With three outer atoms (Y) and no lone pairs (Z), this structure is classified as "trigonal pyramidal" shape.
5. XY3Z2: This structure has three outer atoms (Y) and two lone pairs (Z). It follows the VSEPR theory and is classified as "t-shaped" shape.
6. XY4Z: With four outer atoms (Y) and no lone pairs (Z), this structure is classified as "see-saw" shape.
7. XY4Z2: This structure has four outer atoms (Y) and two lone pairs (Z). It follows the VSEPR theory and is classified as "square planar" shape.
8. XY5Z: With five outer atoms (Y) and no lone pairs (Z), this structure is classified as "square pyramidal" shape.
To determine these structures, you need to count the number of outer atoms (Y) and lone pairs (Z) in each molecule and apply the VSEPR theory to identify the corresponding shape.
The classification of the given structures according to their shape is as follows:
XY2Z: Linear
XY2Z2: Bent (~120 degrees)
XY2Z3: Bent (~109 degrees)
XY3Z: Trigonal pyramidal
XY3Z2: T-shaped
XY4Z: See-saw
XY4Z2: Square planar
XY5Z: Square pyramidal