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1. A population of oak trees growing in a region in Canada experiences a change in climate to much colder temperatures and much drier conditions than they have had for many decades. What determines how this population will change in the next few years? (1 point)
traits of individuals in the present population
the ability of the present population to change itself***
the importance of this population to the survival of other species
the population’s survival history during the last ten years
2. Two species are linked by a common ancestor. Suppose the lineages of these two species were traced back generation by generation and drawn on a sheet of paper to show how these two species were linked to the common ancestor. What shape would the resulting illustration most resemble? (1 point)
a table
a blanket
a tree
a mountain***
3. What did Lamarck’s and Darwin’s hypotheses about evolution have in common? (1 point)
Changes taking place in an individual organism can be passed to offspring.**
Species evolve in response to their surroundings.
Individual organisms can change to adapt to changes in the environment.
Only inherited traits can be passed on to offspring.
4. A species of birds that eats only cactus is transported to an island that has a lot of seeds but only a small amount of cactus. What is most likely to happen to the birds? (1 point)
Individual members of the population adapt to the variation of food supply at different rates.**
The bird population grows rapidly because of the new food supply.
The species slowly adapts to the variation in food supply.
The species quickly adapts to the variation in food supply.
A
C
B
c
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1. A
2. C
3. B
4. C
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1. The correct answer is the traits of individuals in the present population. This is because the traits of the individuals in the population will determine their ability to survive and reproduce in the new climate conditions. Those individuals with traits that allow them to better tolerate the colder temperatures and drier conditions are more likely to survive and pass on their traits to the next generation. Over time, the population may change its overall traits as individuals with more favorable traits are more successful in reproducing.
To determine how the population will change in the next few years, scientists would need to study the traits of the individuals in the present population and observe if there are any variations in traits that may allow some individuals to better tolerate the new climate conditions.
2. The correct answer is a tree. When the lineages of two species are traced back generation by generation, the resulting illustration would resemble a branching tree. This is because each generation splits into two or more branches, representing the different lineages or species that have evolved from the common ancestor. The tree-like branching pattern represents the evolutionary relationships and diversification of species over time.
To understand the evolutionary relationships between species and their common ancestors, scientists use various methods, including phylogenetic analysis and constructing phylogenetic trees based on genetic and morphological data.
3. The correct answer is changes taking place in an individual organism can be passed to offspring. Both Lamarck and Darwin shared this hypothesis in common. Lamarck proposed the idea of the inheritance of acquired characteristics, suggesting that changes or adaptations that an organism acquired during its lifetime could be passed on to its offspring. Darwin, on the other hand, proposed the theory of natural selection, which emphasized the role of inherited traits in determining an organism's fitness and survival. Although Lamarck's hypothesis has been largely discredited, both he and Darwin recognized the importance of changes and adaptations in individuals and their potential transmission to future generations.
To understand the principles of evolution and the modern understanding of genetic inheritance, scientists study genetics, inheritance patterns, and the mechanisms of genetic variation and selection.
4. The correct answer is individual members of the population adapt to the variation of food supply at different rates. When a species of birds that eats only cactus is transported to an island with a small amount of cactus but a lot of seeds, individual members of the bird population are likely to adapt to the variation in food supply at different rates. Some individuals may switch their diet and start consuming the available seeds, while others may continue to rely on cactus as their primary food source. This variation in adaptation can lead to differences in survival and reproductive success among individuals with different dietary preferences, potentially resulting in changes in the overall population over time.
To understand how a population may respond to changes in its environment and food supply, scientists study evolutionary processes such as natural selection, adaptation, and speciation. They can also conduct field studies and experiments to observe and measure the responses of populations to changes in their environment.