Journalist Walter Lippmann suggested that
Question 18 options:
1) polling, even when done scientifically, cannot be trusted because it is in people’s nature to be dishonest in response to political questions.
2) the dominance of polling has brought about an ideological shift toward the more radical ends of the political spectrum among elected representatives.
3) polling had provided political parties with even more entrenched power, reducing the influence of third party candidates.
4) effective government cannot be run by politicians that base their public opinions on poll results.
5) pollsters have had more effect on the outcome of presidential elections in recent decades than have the people who do the voting.
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4) effective government cannot be run by politicians that base their public opinions on poll results.
To determine the answer to the question about Walter Lippmann's suggestion, we can examine his writings and ideas on the topic. Walter Lippmann was a prominent American journalist and political commentator who lived from 1889 to 1974. He was known for his critical analysis of democracy and the role of public opinion in shaping society.
According to Lippmann, the answer to this question would be option 4) effective government cannot be run by politicians that base their public opinions on poll results. Lippmann argued that politicians who solely rely on polls to shape their views and policies may not be equipped to make informed decisions. He believed that this approach undermines the principles of representative democracy and hampers effective governance.
Lippmann stressed the importance of expertise in decision-making and advocated for the involvement of a specialized class of intellectuals to guide public opinion and policy. He believed that the complexity of modern problems required a deeper understanding that could not be obtained solely through public sentiment or polling.
To arrive at this answer, we can analyze Lippmann's writings, particularly his book "Public Opinion" published in 1922. In this book, Lippmann explores the limitations of public opinion and its impact on democratic governance. Lippmann's ideas influenced the field of political science and continue to be debated today.
In conclusion, based on Walter Lippmann's views, the answer to the question is option 4) effective government cannot be run by politicians that base their public opinions on poll results.
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By the way, Lippmann has been dead for almost 40 years.