The error calculated by ANOVA includes:
a) The variation due to experimental error
b)The variation due to the influence of third variables
c)The variation due to the influence of individual differences between the values
d) a, b and c
I would say a)the variation due to experimental error.
I agree with you.. I support it.. Thank you!!
The error calculated by ANOVA includes the variation due to experimental error, the variation due to the influence of third variables, and the variation due to the influence of individual differences between the values. This means that the correct answer is option d) a, b, and c.
To understand how ANOVA calculates the error, it helps to have some background information. ANOVA stands for Analysis of Variance, and it is a statistical method used to compare the means of two or more groups. It does this by partitioning the total variation in the data into different components.
In ANOVA, the total variation in the data is divided into two main components: the variation between groups and the variation within groups. The variation between groups represents the differences in the means of the groups being compared, while the variation within groups represents the variability within each group. The error calculated by ANOVA is essentially a measure of the variation within groups that cannot be explained by the differences between the group means.
The variation due to experimental error refers to the random variability that is inherent in any experiment. This can include factors such as measurement error, sampling variability, or any other sources of random variation that occur during the experiment.
The variation due to the influence of third variables refers to any additional factors that may affect the data, but are not part of the main comparison being made. These variables are sometimes referred to as confounding variables and can introduce unwanted variation into the analysis.
The variation due to the influence of individual differences between the values refers to the inherent variability or differences that exist between individuals within each group. This variation is often unavoidable and can arise from factors such as genetic differences, environmental influences, or other individual characteristics.
To calculate the error in ANOVA, the sum of squares for error (SSE) is computed by summing the squared differences between each individual value and the group mean that it belongs to. This measures the variation within each group that is not accounted for by the differences between group means. The SSE is then used to estimate the variance and standard deviation of the error term, which are important in hypothesis testing and determining the statistical significance of the results.
In summary, the error calculated by ANOVA includes the variation due to experimental error, the variation due to the influence of third variables, and the variation due to the influence of individual differences between the values. By accounting for these sources of variation, ANOVA provides a statistical measure of the uncertainty or error associated with the group means being compared.