According to the job characteristics model, skill variety, task identity, and task significance combine to affect: knowledge of results, meaningfulness of work, responsibility for results, autonomy
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The Job Characteristics Model (JCM) is a framework developed by Hackman and Oldham that explains how certain job characteristics influence employee motivation, satisfaction, and performance. According to the model, there are five core job characteristics: skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy, and feedback.
Skill variety refers to the extent to which a job requires an employee to use a variety of different skills and abilities. Task identity refers to the extent to which a job allows an employee to complete a whole and identifiable piece of work. Task significance refers to the perceived impact and importance of the job on others or the organization. Autonomy refers to the degree of freedom, independence, and discretion an employee has in carrying out their job.
Now, coming to your question, the combination of skill variety, task identity, and task significance in the JCM affects several outcomes for employees:
1. Knowledge of Results: This refers to the extent to which employees receive clear and timely feedback about their performance. When jobs have high skill variety, task identity, and task significance, employees are more likely to receive direct and meaningful feedback on their work, enabling them to know how well they are performing.
2. Meaningfulness of Work: When a job has high skill variety, task identity, and task significance, employees are more likely to perceive their work as meaningful and significant. This means that they will have a greater sense of purpose and value in their job, which can lead to increased motivation and job satisfaction.
3. Responsibility for Results: Skill variety, task identity, and task significance also influence the degree to which employees feel responsible for the outcomes of their work. When employees have a clear understanding of how their skills contribute to the overall task and its significance, they are more likely to take ownership and accountability for their work.
4. Autonomy: While autonomy is a separate job characteristic in the JCM, it is worth mentioning that it can be influenced by skill variety, task identity, and task significance. When employees have higher levels of skill variety, task identity, and task significance, they are more likely to be granted autonomy in decision-making and task execution.
In summary, the combination of skill variety, task identity, and task significance in the JCM can impact employees' knowledge of results, meaningfulness of work, responsibility for results, and autonomy, all of which ultimately affect motivation, satisfaction, and performance in the workplace.