A total charge of 96.5 kC is passed through an electrolytic cell. Determine the quantity of substance produced in each of the following cases.
(a) the mass (in grams) of silver metal from a silver nitrate solution
(b) the volume (in liters at 273 K and 1.00 atm) of chlorine gas from a brine solution (concentrated aqueous sodium chloride solution)
(c) the mass of copper (in grams) from a copper(II) chloride solution
I'm not getting the correct answers, sorry. Can you expand on the explanations?
What are you supposed to use for C. Is it 96,485 or 96,500
Assuming 96,500, then you should deposit 107.9 g Ag which I would round to 108 for three significant figures.
For Cu I made a typo; it should be 63.55/2 and round that to 3 s.f.
For the Cl2, it should be 70.9/2 grams or 22.4L/2 if you are to use 22.4 for the molar volume.
Define. The semipermiable membrane the freezing point of pure benzene is 278.4k calculate freezing point of the solution when 2 gms of a solute having molecular weight 100 is added to 100gms of benzene.
To determine the quantity of substance produced in each case, we need to use Faraday's laws of electrolysis. These laws relate the amount of substance produced to the electrical charge passed through the electrolytic cell.
Faraday's first law states that the amount of substance produced at an electrode is directly proportional to the amount of charge passed through the cell. This relationship is given by:
Quantity of substance = (Charge passed) / (Faraday's constant)
The Faraday's constant is defined as the charge of 1 mole of electrons and has a value of approximately 96,485 C/mol.
Now, let's calculate the quantity of substance produced in each case.
(a) Mass of silver metal from a silver nitrate solution:
The balanced equation for the electrolysis of silver nitrate is:
2 AgNO3(l) -> 2 Ag(s) + O2(g) + 2 NO2(g)
From the equation, we can see that for every 2 moles of electrons passed, 2 moles of silver metal will be produced.
Since Faraday's constant represents the charge of 1 mole of electrons, the quantity of substance (in moles) produced will be:
Quantity of substance (in moles) = (Charge passed) / (Faraday's constant)
Substituting the given charge of 96.5 kC (which is equivalent to 96,500 C) into the equation, we can calculate the moles of substance produced. To convert moles to grams, we will need the molar mass of silver metal (Ag).
(b) Volume of chlorine gas from a brine solution:
The balanced equation for the electrolysis of brine (sodium chloride solution) is:
2 NaCl(aq) -> Cl2(g) + 2 NaOH(aq)
From the equation, we can see that for every 2 moles of electrons passed, 1 mole of chlorine gas will be produced.
Using the same approach as in part (a), we can calculate the moles of chlorine gas produced. To convert moles to volume, we will need to use the ideal gas law equation:
PV = nRT
Where:
P = pressure (1.00 atm)
V = volume (to be determined)
n = moles of chlorine gas
R = ideal gas constant (0.0821 L·atm/(K·mol))
T = temperature (273 K)
Solving for V will give us the volume of chlorine gas produced.
(c) Mass of copper from a copper(II) chloride solution:
The balanced equation for the electrolysis of copper(II) chloride is:
CuCl2(aq) -> Cu(s) + Cl2(g)
From the equation, we can see that for every 2 moles of electrons passed, 1 mole of copper will be produced.
Using the same approach as in part (a), we can calculate the moles of copper produced. To convert moles to grams, we will need the molar mass of copper (Cu).
By following this process, we can determine the quantity of substance produced in each of the three cases.
a.
96,500 coulombs will deposit 1 equivalent of a metal. 1 equivalent of Ag is 107.9/1 electron = 107.9 grams. You have 94,500 C so.....
b.
2Cl^- ==> Cl2 + 2e
96,500 C will release molar mass Cl2/2 = ? grams and that will occupy 22.4 L at STP. You have 96,500 C so ......
c.
96,500 C will deposit 1 equivalent of Cu. 1 equivalent of Cu is 64.54/2 = ?g.