Evaluation apprehension is related to social facilitation in the same way that _______ is related to the Ringlemann effect.
A. proximity
B. diffusion
C. effort loss
D. social loafing
To determine the correct answer, let's first understand the concepts involved.
Evaluation apprehension refers to the concern individuals have about being evaluated by others in a group setting. When people fear being judged, it can potentially impact their performance and behavior.
On the other hand, the Ringlemann effect is a phenomenon related to group dynamics where individual effort decreases as group size increases. It suggests that people tend to put in less effort when working in a group compared to when working alone.
Now, we need to find a concept that is related to the Ringlemann effect, similar to how evaluation apprehension is related to social facilitation.
Out of the given options:
A. Proximity: Proximity does not have a direct connection to the Ringlemann effect, so this is not the correct answer.
B. Diffusion: Diffusion is not directly related to the Ringlemann effect either, so this is not the correct answer.
C. Effort loss: Effort loss is the result of the Ringlemann effect, where individuals exert less effort in a group setting compared to individually. This aligns with the concept of the Ringlemann effect, so this could potentially be the correct answer.
D. Social loafing: Social loafing is another concept related to reduced individual effort in group settings. It refers to the tendency of individuals to exert less effort when working as part of a collective effort, assuming that their individual contribution will not be noticed. Social loafing is closely related to the Ringlemann effect, so this could also be the correct answer.
Based on the explanations, both options C (effort loss) and D (social loafing) seem plausible as the correct answers. However, since the question asks for the concept "related" to the Ringlemann effect, the concept of "social loafing" appears to be more directly related. Hence, the correct answer is D.