How would you synthesize each of the following?
a. 1,2-dibromopropane from propene
b. acetone (2-propanone) from an alcohol
c. tert-butyl alcohol (2 methyl-2-propanol)from an alkene
d. propanoic acid from an alcohol
How would you synthesize the following esters?
a. n-octylacetate
(*********************)O
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b. CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2O-CCH2CH3
the double bond of oxygen is suppose to be over the carbon 3rd to last.
a. Can't you simply add Br2 to the double bond.?
b. Oxidation of a secondary alcohol yields a ketone.
R2CHOH + K2Cr2O7==> R2C=O
c. Alkene + HOH to the double bond with 63% H2SO4. Start with Isobutylene [2-methyl butene (I think I named that right)] and treat with 63% H2SO4 to yield tert-butyl hydrogen sulfate, add water and heat to form the tert-butyl alcohol.
d. Oxidation of a primary alcohol with permanganate produces the acid.
RCH2OH + KMnO4==> RCOOH
a.& b.
Esters are made by adding and acid to an alcohol. Acetic acid + n-octyl alcohol yields the n-octylacetate.
I can't tell where the ester is but add an acid to an alcohol.
I hope this helpsl a little. Check my thinking.
a. To synthesize 1,2-dibromopropane from propene, you can follow the addition of bromine to the double bond. Start with propene and add bromine (Br2) in the presence of a suitable solvent, such as chloroform or carbon tetrachloride. The reaction mechanism involves the formation of a cyclic bromonium ion intermediate, followed by attack by bromide ions to give the 1,2-dibromopropane product.
b. To synthesize acetone (2-propanone) from an alcohol, you can perform oxidation of a secondary alcohol. Start with the alcohol, which has a carbon bonded to two other carbons (R2CHOH). Use a strong oxidizing agent, such as potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) in the presence of acid, like sulfuric acid (H2SO4). This will result in the formation of the ketone (R2C=O), which in this case is acetone.
c. To synthesize tert-butyl alcohol (2-methyl-2-propanol) from an alkene, you can perform acid-catalyzed hydration of the alkene. Start with isobutylene (2-methylpropene) and react it with concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4) at elevated temperatures. The sulfuric acid acts as a catalyst to add a water molecule (HOH) across the double bond, resulting in the formation of tert-butyl alcohol.
d. To synthesize propanoic acid from an alcohol, you can perform oxidation of a primary alcohol. Start with the alcohol, which has a hydroxyl group bonded to a carbon that is only bonded to one other carbon (RCH2OH). Use a strong oxidizing agent, such as potassium permanganate (KMnO4) in the presence of acidic conditions. This will result in the oxidation of the primary alcohol to the corresponding carboxylic acid, propanoic acid (RCOOH).
a. To synthesize n-octylacetate, you can perform an esterification reaction. Combine acetic acid and n-octyl alcohol and add a suitable acid catalyst, such as sulfuric acid. The reaction will result in the formation of the ester, n-octylacetate.
b. The given structure seems to be missing some information, but following the general principle of ester synthesis, you would combine the corresponding carboxylic acid (CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2COOH) with the appropriate alcohol, which is CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2OH in this case. The reaction is an esterification reaction, which is typically catalyzed by an acid catalyst.
Note: In both cases, it is important to ensure that the reaction occurs under appropriate conditions, such as reflux and removal of any water formed during the reaction, to drive the esterification reaction towards completion.
a. To synthesize 1,2-dibromopropane from propene, you can use the addition reaction of bromine to the double bond of propene. The reaction is known as electrophilic addition. Simply react propene with Br2 to obtain 1,2-dibromopropane.
b. To synthesize acetone (2-propanone) from an alcohol, you can use oxidation. Oxidation of a secondary alcohol yields a ketone. React the alcohol with an oxidizing agent such as potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) to obtain the desired ketone, acetone.
c. To synthesize tert-butyl alcohol (2-methyl-2-propanol) from an alkene, you can use acid-catalyzed hydration. Start with isobutylene (2-methylpropene) and treat it with 63% sulfuric acid (H2SO4) to yield tert-butyl hydrogen sulfate. Then, add water and heat to obtain tert-butyl alcohol.
d. To synthesize propanoic acid from an alcohol, you can use oxidation. Oxidation of a primary alcohol with a strong oxidizing agent, such as potassium permanganate (KMnO4), produces the corresponding carboxylic acid. React the alcohol with KMnO4 to obtain propanoic acid.
For the synthesis of the esters:
a. To synthesize n-octyl acetate, you need to perform an esterification reaction. Combine acetic acid with n-octyl alcohol, and use an acid catalyst such as concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4). The reaction will yield n-octyl acetate.
b. To synthesize CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2O-CCH2CH3, you can perform a similar esterification reaction. Combine the corresponding alcohol (hexanol) with the corresponding carboxylic acid (propanoic acid). Use an acid catalyst and the reaction will yield the desired ester.
Please note that these synthesis methods are provided as general approaches and may require specific reaction conditions and additional purification steps for practical applications. It is always recommended to consult reliable literature sources for detailed procedures.