Find two models for ethical decision making, or for decision making in Where do they differ? What is missing in each model? What is the difference between a “framework” and a “decision making model”?
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Two models for ethical decision making are the Utilitarianism model and the Deontological model.
Utilitarianism is a consequentialist approach that focuses on maximizing overall well-being or utility for the majority. It evaluates the ethicality of an action by considering its consequences and weighing the potential benefits and harms to all affected parties. In this model, the decision is made based on the outcome that produces the greatest overall benefit.
On the other hand, the Deontological model is a non-consequentialist approach driven by duties, rules, and principles. It emphasizes the moral obligation to follow certain ethical principles or rules regardless of their consequences. In this model, the decision is made based on adhering to a set of universal principles or duties, such as honesty, fairness, or respecting human rights.
Where these models differ is primarily in their underlying ethical principles and the emphasis placed on consequences versus moral duties. Utilitarianism places a greater emphasis on the outcomes and the overall impact on well-being or utility, whereas Deontological ethics prioritize the adherence to ethical principles regardless of the consequences.
However, both models have their limitations and missing elements. In Utilitarianism, there is a potential lack of consideration for the rights or well-being of minority groups or individuals who may be negatively affected by a decision that benefits the majority. It might also overlook the intrinsic value of certain actions or moral duties that are not directly linked to outcomes or utility.
In the Deontological model, there may be a lack of flexibility and adaptability to specific and complex situations. It can lead to conflicts between different ethical principles, making it challenging to determine the correct course of action. Additionally, it might not provide a clear decision-making framework for situations where there are conflicting duties or principles.
Regarding the difference between a "framework" and a "decision-making model," a framework is a broader and more comprehensive concept that provides a structured approach to making decisions. It encompasses various elements, such as principles, guidelines, evaluation criteria, and decision-making processes.
On the other hand, a decision-making model is a specific approach or methodology within a framework that helps individuals or organizations structure their decision-making process. It offers step-by-step guidelines, considerations, or principles to follow when making decisions within a particular context or domain, such as ethical decision making. In essence, a decision-making model is a part of a framework that provides a more specific and focused approach to decision making.