Why punnet square is improtant ?
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punnett_square
It is important because the principles of genetic sorting is that it is random, and in humans usually involves two genes, so the 2x2 Pundit square is an easy way to represent what nature is doing in Humans. In insects, and plants, it gets more complicated.
The Punnett square is an important tool in genetics that helps us understand how traits are inherited from parents to their offspring. It is named after Reginald Punnett, a British geneticist who first developed the concept.
The Punnett square is used to predict the outcome of a specific trait or combination of traits in the offspring by organizing the possible genetic combinations from the parents. It is especially valuable in understanding patterns of inheritance for dominant and recessive traits.
Here's how you can use a Punnett square:
1. Determine the alleles: Start by identifying the alleles for the trait you are studying in both parents. Alleles are the different versions of a gene that determine specific traits.
2. Create the square: Draw a square divided into four sections (2x2 grid). Place the alleles of one parent at the top of the square, and the alleles of the other parent on the side.
3. Fill in the square: Combine the alleles from the top and side sections to fill in the remaining cells of the square. Each cell represents a possible genetic combination that the offspring could inherit.
4. Analyze the results: Examine the Punnett square to determine the probability of different traits appearing in the offspring. By counting the number of cells containing each possible combination, you can calculate the likelihood of specific traits being expressed.
The Punnett square is particularly useful in helping scientists and breeders make informed decisions about selective breeding and understanding the likelihood of certain traits appearing in future generations. It allows them to predict the inheritance of traits and understand the genetic diversity within a population.