LOGIC and ARGUMENTS – the simple elements
Arguments are Composed of THREE PARTS:
1) Premises = basic, commonly accepted reasons – the “why’s,” and “how’s.”
2) Inferences = reasoned “guesses” or based assertions connecting conclusion to premises
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3) Conclusions = claims, main ideas, -- the “what’s”
Indicators -- words that come before and tell what part of an argument follows:
Premises – BECAUSE, since, due to, etc.
Conclusions – SO, thus, therefore, etc.
(Much more info is coming)
Fallacies – Problems with reasoning and logic – can be used or abused
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An example of the use and abuse of logic:
Argument:
1) Anything is possible (you agree?)
Therefore, it must be possible that something is impossible
This is a contradiction – NOT everything is possible BECAUSE anything is possible.
Types of Appeals in Arguments (Aristotle):
1) Pathos – appeals to emotion
2) Ethos – appeals to right vs. wrong/ modern- Charisma
3) Logos – appeals to logic – this is the realm we will work, principally; we will work the internal form
Answer the Following:
1) Where is the main idea in this argument scheme?
2) Where are the reasons?
3) What is the function of the Inferences?
4) What is the function of Indicators?
5) How do you think logical fallacies can be use?
6) In our society, which type of appeal is most common? Why?
I don't even get where to start, the main idea of what? there's no paragraph to read.. Im not good at this help me please !
Anything is possible
it must be possible that something is possible
help you decide what is true
help you know what to write about
to correct wrong ideas
ethos
tuujr
I understand that it can be confusing to grasp the concepts of logic and arguments, especially without a specific paragraph to analyze. However, I can still help you with the questions you have provided using the general information you have given.
1) The main idea in this argument scheme refers to the overall claim or conclusion being made. It is the main point or purpose of the argument.
2) The reasons, also known as premises, are the basic, commonly accepted statements or evidence presented to support the main idea or conclusion.
3) Inferences are reasoned "guesses" or assertions that connect the premises to the conclusion. They help bridge the gap between the reasons given and the main idea.
4) Indicators are words or phrases that come before and indicate the part of the argument that follows. For example, indicators such as "because," "since," or "due to" often introduce premises, while indicators such as "so," "thus," or "therefore" often introduce conclusions.
5) Logical fallacies can be used to weaken or undermine an argument by introducing flawed reasoning or irrelevant information. They can be used to manipulate or deceive the audience by making the argument appear valid when it is not.
6) In our society, the most common type of appeal is often pathos, which appeals to emotions. This is because emotions can often have a strong influence on people's beliefs and decisions. Additionally, in today's media-driven world, emotions are often used to grab attention and provoke reactions.
I understand that you're feeling confused about how to approach the questions. Let's break it down step by step to help you understand.
First, let's refer to the information provided about arguments. Arguments are composed of three parts: premises, inferences, and conclusions.
1) The main idea in this argument scheme refers to the overall claim or the conclusion of the argument. It is the overarching point that the argument is trying to make.
2) The reasons, or premises, are the basic, commonly accepted statements that support the main idea or conclusion. They provide the "why's" and "how's" of the argument. In this case, we don't have a specific argument to analyze, so we cannot identify the reasons.
3) The function of inferences is to connect the premises to the conclusion. They are reasoned "guesses" or based assertions that bridge the gap between the premises and the main idea.
4) Indicators are words that come before and tell us what part of the argument is being presented. In the given information, it mentions that indicators like "because," "since," and "due to" typically introduce premises, while indicators like "so," "thus," and "therefore" often introduce conclusions.
5) Logical fallacies refer to problems with reasoning and logic in arguments. They can be used or abused to manipulate or deceive others. In the example provided, the logic used is flawed because it states that "anything is possible, therefore, it must be possible that something is impossible." This is a contradiction and an example of a logical fallacy.
6) In modern society, the most common type of appeal is often pathos, which appeals to emotions. This is because emotions have a strong impact on people's beliefs and decision-making processes. However, in terms of logical appeal, logos, which appeals to logic, should be the most important. This is because logical reasoning should be the foundation of sound arguments.
I hope this clarifies the questions for you. If you have any further doubts or need more explanation, feel free to ask!