Which of the following technologies is a result of space research and development?

A.improved pacemakers

B. equipment to allow police to change traffic signals

C. cochlear implants to help deaf people hear

D. all of the above

D. All of the above

Thank you verry much mark

To determine which of the technologies listed is a result of space research and development, we can evaluate each option.

A. Improved pacemakers: Improved pacemakers do not directly stem from space research and development. They are medical devices used to regulate an individual's heartbeat.

B. Equipment to allow police to change traffic signals: The development of equipment to allow police to change traffic signals is not specifically linked to space research and development. It falls under the category of transportation technology.

C. Cochlear implants to help deaf people hear: Cochlear implants have been influenced by space research and development. The miniaturization of electronic components required for space exploration has been applied to the development of cochlear implants, which help deaf people hear by converting sound into electrical signals that stimulate the auditory nerve.

Based on the analysis above, the correct answer is D. All of the above, as cochlear implants are the only technology among the options that can be attributed to space research and development.