Write equations for the stepwise formation of each of the following complex ions. (Type your answer using the format CO2 for CO2, [NH4]+ for NH4+, and [Ni(CN)4]2- for Ni(CN)42-. Use the lowest possible coefficients.)
(a) Ni(CN)42-
(b) Mn(C2O4)22-
(a) The stepwise formation of Ni(CN)42- can be broken down as follows:
Step 1: Formation of nickel(II) ion (Ni2+):
Ni + 2e- → Ni2+
Step 2: Formation of cyanide ion (CN-) from cyanide molecule (CN2-):
2CN- → CN22- + 2e-
Step 3: Formation of Ni(CN)42- complex ion by combining nickel(II) ion with cyanide ion:
Ni2+ + 4CN- → [Ni(CN)4]2-
Thus, the overall formation equation for Ni(CN)42- is:
Ni + 2CN- → [Ni(CN)4]2-
(b) The stepwise formation of Mn(C2O4)22- can be broken down as follows:
Step 1: Formation of manganese(II) ion (Mn2+):
Mn + 2e- → Mn2+
Step 2: Formation of oxalate ion (C2O42-) from oxalic acid (H2C2O4):
H2C2O4 → 2H+ + C2O42-
Step 3: Formation of Mn(C2O4)22- complex ion by combining manganese(II) ion with oxalate ion:
Mn2+ + 2C2O42- → [Mn(C2O4)2]2-
Thus, the overall formation equation for Mn(C2O4)22- is:
Mn + H2C2O4 → [Mn(C2O4)2]2-