Describe two features of internal anatomy that distinguish monocot and dicot roots.
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To identify the differences between monocot and dicot roots, we need to look at their internal anatomy. Two key features can help us distinguish between these two types of roots:
1. Arrangement of Vascular Bundles: Vascular bundles are specialized tissues responsible for transporting water, minerals, and nutrients throughout the plant. In monocot roots, the vascular bundles are arranged in a scattered or random manner. They appear as numerous separate bundles scattered throughout the cross-section of the root. In contrast, in dicot roots, the vascular bundles are arranged in a ring or circle around the central pith (the central core of parenchyma cells). This concentric arrangement of vascular bundles is a characteristic feature of dicot roots.
2. Presence of Pith: Pith is a spongy tissue present at the center of the stem or root. In monocot roots, there is no distinct pith present in the center. Instead, a region called the stele contains scattered vascular bundles surrounded by ground tissue (parenchyma cells). On the other hand, dicot roots have a well-defined pith in the center of the root, which is surrounded by the ring of vascular bundles.
So, to summarize, the two features that differentiate monocot and dicot roots are the arrangement of vascular bundles and the presence or absence of a distinct pith. In monocot roots, vascular bundles are scattered, and there is no pith, whereas dicot roots have vascular bundles arranged in a ring and possess a well-defined pith.