Which of the following mutations would you expect to have the greatest effect on a living cell?
A. A mutation that changes a single base in a region of noncoding DNA
B. Energy release from plutonium
C. Consumptions of preexisting organic compounds
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To determine the mutation that would have the greatest effect on a living cell, let's examine the options provided:
A. A mutation that changes a single base in a region of noncoding DNA: DNA is the genetic material that carries instructions for cells, and mutations can occur when there are changes in the DNA sequence. Noncoding DNA refers to regions of DNA that do not code for proteins. While mutations in noncoding DNA can still have implications in gene regulation and other cellular processes, they are generally less likely to directly impact the cell's function compared to coding DNA.
B. Energy release from plutonium: Plutonium is a radioactive element that can release high amounts of energy, primarily in the form of radiation. Exposure to radiation can cause damage to DNA and other cellular components, leading to mutations and other harmful effects. However, the question specifically mentions the effect on a living cell, not external factors like radiation.
C. Consumption of preexisting organic compounds: Organic compounds, such as carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins, provide energy and building blocks for living cells. If a cell consumes preexisting organic compounds, it would be able to utilize these nutrients for various cellular processes, including energy production and synthesis of cellular components. While this process is important for cell function, it does not necessarily involve mutations or altering the cell's genetic material.
From the given options, it becomes clear that option A, a mutation that changes a single base in a region of noncoding DNA, would have the greatest effect on a living cell.