1) What memory system is sensation responsible for? Sensory, short term or long term memory system? Explain.

2) How does encoding memories relate to transfer appropriate processing and fluid intelligence?

1) The memory system that is responsible for sensation is the sensory memory system. Sensory memory refers to the initial stage of memory that involves the immediate processing of sensory information from our environment. It is responsible for momentarily holding the sensory inputs that we receive, such as visual, auditory, or tactile stimuli.

To understand how sensation is related to the sensory memory system, one way is to examine the process of sensory perception. When you encounter any sensory stimulus (e.g., seeing a picture, hearing a sound), your sensory receptors detect it and send signals to your brain. This information is then stored briefly in the sensory memory system.

For example, if you see a colorful image, the sensory memory system will capture this visual information for a very brief period (typically less than a second), allowing you to perceive and process the image before it fades away. This enables you to identify and interpret the elements present in the image, such as shapes, colors, and patterns.

However, it's important to note that the sensory memory system only holds information temporarily and has a limited capacity. If the information is not transferred to other memory systems, it will quickly decay and be lost. This is where the processes of attention and working memory come into play, as they facilitate the transfer of relevant sensory information into the short-term and long-term memory systems for further processing and storage.

2) Encoding memories is a crucial process that involves the transformation of sensory inputs or information into a form that can be stored and retrieved later. Transfer appropriate processing and fluid intelligence are two concepts that relate to how the encoding process affects memory formation and retrieval.

Transfer appropriate processing (TAP) theory suggests that memory is more likely to be remembered when the cognitive processes used during encoding match those used during retrieval. In other words, the context and mental processes involved in encoding should align with the context and mental processes during retrieval in order to enhance memory recall.

For example, if you study for an exam in a quiet room without any distractions, it is beneficial to recreate a similar quiet and focused environment during the exam. This is because the external context (quietness) and internal cognitive processes (focused studying) during encoding will enhance memory retrieval when those same conditions are present during recall.

Fluid intelligence, on the other hand, refers to the ability to think and reason flexibly, solve problems, and adapt to new situations. Studies have shown that individuals with higher fluid intelligence tend to have better memory encoding and retrieval abilities.

This relationship is believed to be due to the cognitive processes associated with fluid intelligence, such as attention, working memory capacity, and cognitive flexibility. These processes can aid in effective encoding and retrieval strategies, making it easier to transfer and store information in long-term memory.

In summary, the encoding of memories relates to transfer appropriate processing by emphasizing the importance of matching the cognitive processes at encoding and retrieval. Additionally, fluid intelligence plays a role in shaping the efficiency and effectiveness of encoding and retrieval processes through cognitive abilities that support memory formation and retrieval.