I am trying to figure out if I am correct about the solubility of 9-fluorenone in NaOH and diethyl ether and the solubility of benzoic acid in NaOH and diethyl ether
9-fluorenone is soluble in diethyl ether because it can hydrogen bond with water so it is soluble in the diethyl ether?
And 9-fluorenone is insoluble in NaOH because 9-fluorenone is too big?
Benzoic acid is soluble in NaOH because it can hydrogen bond with NaOH?
These are totally unreasonable answers.
Thanks for the answer, chem geeks!
The solubility of 9-fluorenone in NaOH and diethyl ether, as well as the solubility of benzoic acid in NaOH and diethyl ether, can be explained as follows:
1. Solubility of 9-fluorenone:
- 9-fluorenone is sparingly soluble in water due to its size and lack of polarity.
- In diethyl ether, 9-fluorenone is more soluble because diethyl ether is a non-polar solvent, which can better accommodate non-polar molecules like 9-fluorenone. It does not interact with water through hydrogen bonding, rather it dissolves in the diethyl ether due to the similarities in polarity.
2. Solubility of benzoic acid:
- Benzoic acid is moderately soluble in water, as it can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules through its carboxylic acid group (-COOH).
- Benzoic acid is also soluble in NaOH because it reacts with NaOH to form the water-soluble sodium benzoate salt. The carboxylic acid group in benzoic acid reacts with the hydroxide ion (OH-) from NaOH, resulting in the formation of sodium benzoate, which is soluble in water.
- In diethyl ether, benzoic acid is sparingly soluble due to the non-polar characteristics of the solvent. The carboxylic acid group does not interact with diethyl ether through hydrogen bonding, reducing its solubility.
In summary:
- 9-fluorenone is soluble in diethyl ether due to similarities in polarity, while it is insoluble in NaOH due to its size.
- Benzoic acid is soluble in NaOH because it reacts to form the soluble sodium benzoate salt, and it is sparingly soluble in diethyl ether due to the non-polar nature of the solvent.
To determine the solubility of compounds in different solvents, it is important to consider the chemical properties of the substances involved.
Solubility in Diethyl Ether:
In the case of 9-fluorenone, its solubility in diethyl ether can be attributed to its molecular structure. 9-fluorenone is a polar molecule due to the presence of a carbonyl group (C=O). Diethyl ether is a nonpolar solvent. While 9-fluorenone can't form hydrogen bonds with diethyl ether, it can interact with the solvent through other intermolecular forces, such as dipole-dipole interactions. This allows 9-fluorenone to dissolve in diethyl ether.
Solubility in NaOH:
NaOH is a polar solvent due to its ionic nature. 9-fluorenone, being nonpolar, does not have sufficient interactions with polar solvents like NaOH, therefore it is generally considered insoluble in NaOH.
Solubility in Water:
Regarding your question about 9-fluorenone's solubility in water, it can be considered sparingly soluble. Though 9-fluorenone is nonpolar and water is highly polar, there can still be some solubility due to factors like partial miscibility or dipole-induced dipole interactions. However, the solubility of 9-fluorenone in water is much lower compared to its solubility in diethyl ether.
Now, let's analyze the solubility of benzoic acid:
Solubility in NaOH:
Benzoic acid is soluble in NaOH due to intermolecular interactions such as hydrogen bonding. The carboxyl group (COOH) in benzoic acid can form hydrogen bonds with the hydroxide ions (OH-) of NaOH, which allows it to dissolve in the polar solvent.
Solubility in Diethyl Ether:
Benzoic acid is generally insoluble in diethyl ether. Although benzoic acid is polar and can form hydrogen bonds, diethyl ether is a nonpolar solvent, so the intermolecular forces between the two molecules are not strong enough to enable solubility.
In summary, 9-fluorenone is soluble in diethyl ether but insoluble in NaOH, while benzoic acid is soluble in both NaOH and insoluble in diethyl ether due to their differing chemical properties and interactions with the solvents.