Tranverse and longitudinal waves are mechanical waves what is meamt by these expression
Transverse and longitudinal waves are two types of mechanical waves, which means they require a medium (such as air, water, or a solid material) to transfer energy.
1. Transverse waves: In a transverse wave, the particles of the medium oscillate perpendicular (at a right angle) to the direction of wave propagation. Imagine a wave traveling along a rope that is being shaken up and down. The motion of the particles is perpendicular to the direction in which the wave is moving. Examples of transverse waves include electromagnetic waves like light and radio waves, as well as waves on a string or water ripples.
2. Longitudinal waves: In a longitudinal wave, the particles of the medium oscillate parallel to the direction of wave propagation. Think of an accordion being compressed and expanded; the motion of the accordion is parallel to the direction of the wave. Sound waves, for example, are longitudinal waves because they require air or another medium to travel through. When a sound wave passes through the air, it causes the air particles to compress (forming areas of high pressure) and expand (forming areas of low pressure) in the same direction as the wave is moving.
Remember that transverse and longitudinal waves refer to the direction of particle motion relative to the direction of wave propagation. It's important to understand the general characteristics and examples of these wave types to fully grasp their meanings.