Medieval Society Assignment
What were three main causes of the need to reform the Church?
The three main causes were:
• Many village priests married and had families. Such marriages were
against Church rulings.
• Bishops sold positions in the Church, a practice called simony.
(SY•muh•nee).
• Using the practice of lay investiture, kings appointed church bishops.Church reformers believed the Church alone should appoint bishops
How were Muslims linked to the revival of learning in Europe?
Europe had more learning opportunities. Europeans had a new body of knowledge. It included science, philosophy, law, mathematics, and many other fields.
3.Why did Philip II call the Estates-General together?
Philip called the Estates-General together to help increase the royal power against the nobility, and later on the Estates-General would play a key row in overthrowing the French during the French Revolution.
What was the Great Schism?
The Great Schism was when their was two popes, and the church began to split in a division known as the Great Schism. Soon after there were three popes. In 1417 the Council chose a new pope. Which ended The Great Schism.
1. -- Be sure to include indulgences.
2. No. Where did Europe's new learning come from?
3. Nope.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_Schism
2. During the Crusades, European contact with Muslims and Byzantines greatly
expanded. This contact brought a new interest in learning, especially in the works of
Greek philosophers. The Muslim and Byzantine libraries housed copies of these writings.
3.to win wider support against the pope
2. Have you answered this question?
3. Nope. Please read the article about the Great Schism.
I still need help with 2 and 3.
SOrry. I read it but still don't understand.
Read this site carefully.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_contributions_to_Medieval_Europe
To find the answer to the question "What were three main causes of the need to reform the Church?" you can refer to historical sources and analyze the reasons behind the Church reform during the medieval period. Some of the main causes include:
1. Many village priests married and had families: The Church ruled against priests getting married, but in reality, many priests disregarded this rule and started families. This clash between Church regulations and the reality on the ground caused dissatisfaction and the need for reform.
2. Simony: Bishops engaging in the practice of simony became a cause for concern. Simony refers to the act of selling influential positions within the Church for personal gain. This corrupted the Church and undermined its moral authority.
3. Lay investiture: Kings and rulers, instead of the Church, appointed church bishops through the practice of lay investiture. This politicized the Church and allowed secular authorities to have undue influence over religious affairs. Church reformers believed that the Church should have the sole authority to appoint bishops.
To answer the question "How were Muslims linked to the revival of learning in Europe?" you need to consider the influence of Muslim civilization on European society during the medieval period. Muslims, through their advanced civilizations, contributed to the revival of learning in Europe in several ways, including:
1. Translation of ancient Greek texts: During the Islamic Golden Age, Muslim scholars translated the works of ancient Greek philosophers such as Aristotle and Plato into Arabic. These translated texts were later reintroduced into Europe, leading to a rediscovery of classical knowledge and philosophical ideas.
2. Preservation of knowledge: Muslim scholars in the Islamic world actively preserved ancient and classical knowledge from various civilizations, including Greek, Persian, Indian, and Roman. By safeguarding these texts and making improvements to them, Muslims played a crucial role in preserving knowledge that would later influence European intellectual development.
3. Trade and cultural exchange: The Islamic world was a major hub of trade and cultural exchange during the Middle Ages. European merchants and scholars traveled to Muslim lands, encountering Islamic scholars and gaining access to their libraries and learning centers. This exchange of ideas and knowledge between the two civilizations helped to stimulate the revival of learning in Europe.
To answer the question "Why did Philip II call the Estates-General together?" you can examine the historical context and the motives of Philip II, the King of France. Philip called the Estates-General (a legislative assembly) together for several reasons, including:
1. Increasing royal power: Philip II sought to strengthen his central authority and consolidate power. By convening the Estates-General, he hoped to gain support from the nobility and clergy to assert his authority over them.
2. Financial support: The primary reason behind calling the Estates-General was to obtain financial support. Philip needed funds for military campaigns, administrative purposes, and to maintain his royal court. The Estates-General had the power to grant or deny financial assistance to the king.
3. Navigating political challenges: Philip faced numerous political challenges from the powerful nobility. By calling the Estates-General, he aimed to involve various social classes in decision-making, reducing the influence of the nobility and gaining broader support for his policies.
To find information about "The Great Schism," you should refer to historical sources that cover the medieval period and the history of the Catholic Church. The Great Schism refers to a significant division within the Catholic Church in the 14th and 15th centuries.
During this time, there were rival popes and conflicting claims to papal authority. The Great Schism originated in 1378 when two popes were elected, one in Rome and one in Avignon, creating a split in the Church. This division led to a period of confusion and religious turmoil, with different regions of Europe supporting different popes.
The Great Schism eventually deepened further, leading to the election of a third pope in Pisa in 1409. As a result, there were three individuals claiming to be the legitimate pope, causing a massive rift within the Catholic Church.
The Great Schism ended in 1417 with the Council of Constance, where a new pope was elected and recognized by the majority of the Church. This council also enacted significant reforms within the Church, addressing many of the problems that had led to the schism in the first place.