1. The source of the Supreme Court’s authority is (D)

moral suasion.
judicial activism.
concurring opinion.
dissent.

2. When the Supreme Court hands down a decision, it is (A)
often a mixed decision with majority, dissenting, and even concurring opinions.
always a unanimous 9-0 decision.
a law forever and can never be overturned.
always free of politics.

3. Alexander Hamilton said that the judiciary would be the least dangerous branch of government because (C)
it has the power of the purse.
it has the power of the sword.
it has neither the power of the purse nor the sword.
the Constitution failed to define its role.

4. In Griswold v. Connecticut, the Supreme Court was considered an activist court because (B)
it asserted that laws banning contraception were legitimate state rights.
it overturned the will of a democratically elected legislature acting in the interests of the people and thus, making law.
it maintained that the rights of married people were sacred.
it asserted nonexistent rights.

5. A right is generally defined as (C)
an obligation that we have to others.
that which everybody around the world enjoys.
a zone of protection around an interest that we would like protected.
an obligation that others have to us.

6. Civil rights in the United States evolved from (B)
boycotts to anti-discrimination lawsuits.
removal of barriers to access and participation to policies aimed at achieving greater equality.
matters concerning politics to matters concerning economics.
state centered policy to federal initiatives.

7. The various cases with regards to religious freedom are concerned with excessive entanglements between government and religion. This means (B)
that non-denominational prayer in schools can be permitted.
voucher systems like the one in Zelman v. Simmons-Harris created a constitutionally allowed choice between public and private schools.
local school boards can provide subsidies to church-related schools.
both religion and government are strengthened when united.

8. Affirmative action is about (C)
making financial amends for slavery.
achieving a color blind society in America.
moving the Civil Rights Movement into its next phase by promoting equal opportunity.
enrolling more minorities than whites in universities.

9. The trajectory of cases from Roe v. Wade to Parenthood v. Casey appear to suggest that a woman’s right to choose (C)
cannot be hindered in any way by states.
is completely subject to a state’s legislation.
can be restricted so long as those restrictions do not create an undue burden.
may be imposed upon by undue burdens from the state.

10. The case of Schenck v. United States established that (C)
free speech is an absolute and unlimited civil liberty.
speech may be abridged when an individual finds it offensive.
speech may be abridged when it creates a clear and present danger.
nothing can be considered dangerous speech during time of war.

Yes

5. is funny though, rights are universal, but not respected or upheld or "enjoyed" in many places, so I agree with your choice of answer there too.

1. To determine the correct answer, you need to understand the source of the Supreme Court's authority. The correct answer is (B) judicial activism. The authority of the Supreme Court comes from its interpretation and application of the Constitution. Judicial activism refers to the Court's willingness to go beyond strict interpretation of the Constitution and make decisions that shape social, political, and legal issues.

2. To answer this question, you need to understand how Supreme Court decisions are made. The correct answer is (A) often a mixed decision with majority, dissenting, and even concurring opinions. When the Supreme Court issues a decision, it is often not unanimous. The Court may have a majority opinion, which represents the decision of the Court, but there can also be dissenting opinions from justices who disagree with the majority, as well as concurring opinions from justices who agree with the outcome but for different reasons.

3. To answer this question, you need to know Alexander Hamilton's perspective on the judiciary. The correct answer is (C) it has neither the power of the purse nor the sword. Alexander Hamilton argued in Federalist 78 that the judiciary would be the least dangerous branch of government because it has neither the power of the purse (control of funding) nor the power of the sword (executive enforcement). Hamilton believed that the judiciary would rely on the other branches to enforce its decisions.

4. To answer this question, you need to understand the concept of judicial activism. The correct answer is (B) it overturned the will of a democratically elected legislature acting in the interests of the people and thus, making law. Griswold v. Connecticut was considered an activist court decision because it invalidated a state law that banned contraception. The Court held that such a law violated an implied right to privacy, which was not explicitly mentioned in the Constitution.

5. To answer this question, you need to understand the definition of a right. The correct answer is (C) a zone of protection around an interest that we would like protected. A right is a legally recognized claim or entitlement that individuals have to certain actions, freedoms, or protections. It establishes a zone of protection around an interest that we would like to have safeguarded.

6. To answer this question, you need to understand the evolution of civil rights in the United States. The correct answer is (B) removal of barriers to access and participation to policies aimed at achieving greater equality. Civil rights in the United States have evolved from the removal of barriers to access and participation, such as desegregation and voting rights, to policies aimed at achieving greater equality, such as affirmative action and anti-discrimination laws.

7. To answer this question, you need to understand the concept of excessive entanglements between government and religion. The correct answer is (B) that non-denominational prayer in schools can be permitted. Excessive entanglements between government and religion can violate the First Amendment's Establishment Clause. This means that non-denominational prayer in schools can be allowed as it does not promote or endorse any specific religion.

8. To answer this question, you need to understand the purpose of affirmative action. The correct answer is (C) moving the Civil Rights Movement into its next phase by promoting equal opportunity. Affirmative action is a policy designed to promote equal opportunity by providing preferential treatment or remedies for historically disadvantaged groups. It seeks to address past and present discrimination and move towards a more equitable society.

9. To answer this question, you need to understand the trajectory of cases related to a woman's right to choose. The correct answer is (C) can be restricted so long as those restrictions do not create an undue burden. The Supreme Court has established a woman's right to choose in previous cases such as Roe v. Wade and reaffirmed it in Parenthood v. Casey. However, the Court has also allowed for certain restrictions on that right, as long as those restrictions do not create an undue burden on women seeking an abortion.

10. To answer this question, you need to understand the case of Schenck v. United States. The correct answer is (C) speech may be abridged when it creates a clear and present danger. In Schenck v. United States, the Supreme Court held that speech could be restricted if it posed a clear and present danger of bringing about substantive evils that Congress had the power to prevent. This established the "clear and present danger" test as a limitation on the freedom of speech.