why does water and hydrogen peroxide have different chemical and physical properties

Because they both have different bonds. Water contains stable O-H bonds, whereas hydrogen peroxide contains a much less stable O-O bond as well.

Because there is an extra bond in hydrogen peroxide, the molecule as a different geometry than the water molecule. This already impacts its physical properties, since the molecules will pack in a different way. Also, the lower stability of the O-O bond drives the molecule to try and find a more stable arrangement, increasing its reactivity.

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Water (H2O) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) have different chemical and physical properties due to their structural differences and the presence of an additional oxygen atom in hydrogen peroxide. Let me explain further how these differences arise.

Chemical Properties:
1. Reactivity: Water is chemically stable and does not readily react with other substances. On the other hand, hydrogen peroxide is a strong oxidizing agent and can undergo various chemical reactions, including decomposition, oxidation, and reduction.
2. Oxidation Potential: Hydrogen peroxide has a higher oxidation potential compared to water, which means it can readily donate oxygen to other substances, leading to its powerful oxidizing properties.
3. Acid-Base Properties: Water is a neutral molecule, whereas hydrogen peroxide can act as both a weak acid and a weak oxidizing agent in reactions. It can donate a proton (H+) or accept one, depending on the reaction conditions.

Physical Properties:
1. State at Room Temperature: Pure water exists in a liquid state under normal conditions, while hydrogen peroxide is a pale blue liquid.
2. Boiling and Freezing Points: The boiling point of water is 100 degrees Celsius, while hydrogen peroxide boils at a higher temperature of 150 degrees Celsius. Moreover, the freezing point of water is 0 degrees Celsius, while hydrogen peroxide freezes at a lower temperature of -0.43 degrees Celsius.
3. Density: Water has a density of 1 gram per milliliter (g/mL), while hydrogen peroxide has a slightly higher density of about 1.45 g/mL.

To understand these differences, one can study the structural formula of water (two hydrogen atoms bonded to an oxygen atom) and hydrogen peroxide (two hydrogen atoms bonded to two oxygen atoms). Additionally, experimental measurements and chemical analysis can be performed to determine reactivity, boiling point, freezing point, density, and other physical properties.

Please note that the properties mentioned here are generalizations and can vary under different conditions or with the presence of other substances.