heritability estimates are computed by comparing the IQ correlations of a)the same group of individuals at various points in time b)individuals from different ethnic and SES groups c)children of different ages d)twins and other relatives

Heritability estimates are computed by comparing the IQ correlations of d) twins and other relatives.

To understand how heritability estimates are computed, you need to compare the IQ correlations among different groups of individuals. One common method involves studying twins and other close relatives. This approach allows researchers to assess the relative contribution of genes (genetic factors) and environment in determining IQ.

Twin studies involve comparing the IQ correlations of identical twins (who share 100% of their genes) and fraternal twins (who share around 50% of their genes, similar to non-twin siblings). By comparing these correlations, researchers can estimate the extent to which genetic factors influence IQ.

Other relatives, such as siblings and parents, can also be included in these studies to further investigate the heritability of IQ. By examining the IQ correlations among these relatives, researchers can estimate how much of the variation in IQ can be attributed to genetic factors.

It is worth noting that heritability estimates provide an indication of the proportion of individual differences in a specific trait (in this case, IQ) that can be attributed to genetic factors in a particular population at a specific time. It is not an absolute measure, but rather a statistical estimate that can vary across populations and contexts.