a distinct american identity had begun to emerge by 1820. how would you desccribe this identity? What were the forces that helped create unity? And what were the points of contention?
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To describe the distinct American identity that emerged by 1820, you would need to consider the major political, economic, and social factors present during that time period.
1. Political Unity:
- The ratification of the United States Constitution in 1788 provided a shared framework for government.
- Early founding figures like George Washington and Thomas Jefferson helped shape the American identity through the development of a republican form of government and the promotion of individual liberties.
- The democratic experiment in the U.S. allowed citizens to participate in the political process, fostering a sense of shared responsibility.
2. Economic Integration:
- The economic system in the United States was largely agrarian, with agriculture being the backbone of the economy. This shared reliance on agriculture furthered the sense of a common American experience.
- The growth of trade and commerce, through the expansion of the market economy and the development of transportation systems, such as canals and turnpikes, contributed to economic interdependence among states.
3. Social Aspects:
- The Great Awakening, a religious revival movement in the mid-18th century, fostered a common set of moral and religious values, emphasizing personal salvation and religious freedom.
- The concept of the American Dream, symbolizing the opportunities for social mobility and individual prosperity, became part of the shared American ethos.
- The spread of education through initiatives such as public schools and universities helped foster a shared knowledge base and sense of American pride.
Points of Contention:
- Slavery: One of the most significant and divisive issues during this time was the institution of slavery. The question of whether to extend or abolish slavery created regional tensions between the North and South.
- Expansion: As the United States saw territorial growth through the Louisiana Purchase and westward migration, debates arose over whether new states would be free or slaveholding, contributing to political and sectional divisions.
Understanding this distinct American identity and the forces that contributed to unity and contention requires a study of historical documents, writings, and accounts from the period. By examining primary sources, such as the Federalist Papers, Thomas Jefferson's writings, and the speeches of prominent figures, you can gain a better understanding of the events and ideologies that shaped this era.