The scale factor, R, describes how universal expansion changes with:

- time
- curvature
- location
- all of the above

time

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The scale factor, R, in the context of universal expansion, describes how the size of the universe changes over time. As the universe expands, the distances between galaxies, stars, and other cosmic objects also increase.

Now, let's address each option:

1. Time: The scale factor, R, definitely represents how universal expansion changes with time. It quantifies the degree of expansion by indicating how much the universe has grown or contracted over a given period.

2. Curvature: The scale factor, R, also accounts for the curvature of the universe. The curvature of space-time can be positive, negative, or zero, and it affects the way the universe expands. The value of R is influenced by the curvature, with different curvatures leading to different expansion rates over time.

3. Location: The scale factor, R, is not directly related to the location within the universe. It describes the overall expansion of the universe, regardless of where you are located within it. Therefore, location does not directly affect the scale factor.

Considering the explanations above, the correct answer is:
- All of the above: The scale factor, R, describes how universal expansion changes with time, curvature, and location.