Explain the social contract theory.
http://www.iep.utm.edu/soc-cont/
The social contract theory is a concept that seeks to explain the origins and foundations of the relationship between individuals and their government or society. It suggests that people enter into a social contract with one another, willingly giving up certain freedoms and agreeing to live together under a mutually beneficial set of rules and obligations.
To understand the social contract theory, one must delve into the works of philosophers like Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. They all contributed to the development of this theory, each with their own perspectives.
Hobbes, in his book "Leviathan," argued that in a state of nature, without any form of government, people's lives would be solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short. To escape this, individuals agree to give up some of their freedoms and submit to a higher authority to maintain order and security. This contract, according to Hobbes, creates a social structure that prevents chaos and ensures a peaceful coexistence.
Locke, on the other hand, believed that individuals in the state of nature were entitled to certain natural rights, including life, liberty, and property. He proposed that people voluntarily entered into a social contract to form a government that would protect these rights. If a government fails to do so, Locke argued that the people have the right to rebel and establish a new one.
Rousseau had a different take on the social contract theory. He argued that people are born free, but societal structures and inequalities restrict their liberty. According to Rousseau, the social contract should be based on the collective will of the people, allowing them to participate in the decision-making process and creating a society where the general will prevails.
To understand the social contract theory, it is essential to read the writings of these philosophers and analyze their arguments. By doing so, one gains a deeper understanding of the concept's underlying principles, its historical context, and the different variations and interpretations that exist.
Furthermore, one can explore more recent scholarly works and engage in discussions and debates on the social contract theory. This allows for critical thinking and the examination of its relevance and applicability in contemporary society.