Review the 1906 Quake that hit San Francisco and answer the questions below.
1. San Francisco is found to have been constructed on several large strike-slip faults. If these faults become active, what specific type of damage (based on the type of fault involved) would you expect to see in San Francisco?
Answers:
1. Damaged Buildings
2. Liquefaction: A condition where soil flows like a liquid. This can cause extensive damage in the area including the collapsed overpasses and freeways.
3. Cracks: Extensional features caused by earthquake uplift.
4. Landslides: causing destruction of houses and blocking roads and freeways.
To review the 1906 Quake that hit San Francisco and answer the questions based on the type of damage caused by the active strike-slip faults, we'll need to look at historical records and studies conducted on the subject. Here's how you can approach it:
1. Start by researching the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, which was a major disaster in the city's history. Look for sources such as books, articles, or credible websites that provide detailed information about the earthquake, its epicenter, and the specific faults involved.
2. Learn about strike-slip faults and their characteristics. Strike-slip faults occur when two blocks of the Earth's crust move horizontally past each other. Understanding the behavior and effects of these faults will help you answer the question about the specific type of damage to expect.
3. Identify the major strike-slip faults in the San Francisco region. The San Andreas Fault is the most well-known fault in the area, but there are other significant faults such as the Hayward Fault and the San Jacinto Fault. Research these faults to understand their potential impact on San Francisco.
4. Now, based on the type of fault (strike-slip) and its characteristics, you can infer the specific types of damage that would occur in San Francisco if these faults became active:
- Damaged Buildings: The horizontal movement associated with strike-slip faults can cause buildings to shift, resulting in structural damage or even collapse.
- Liquefaction: When the shaking from an earthquake causes saturated soil to lose strength and behave like a liquid, it is called liquefaction. In areas with loose, water-saturated soil, liquefaction can cause extensive damage, including the collapse of overpasses, freeways, and other infrastructure.
- Cracks: Strike-slip faults can produce extensional features, such as cracks, due to the uplift caused by the movement of the fault. These cracks can appear in the ground, roads, buildings, or other structures.
- Landslides: The movement along strike-slip faults can destabilize slopes and trigger landslides. This can result in the destruction of houses, blocking roads, and disrupting transportation routes.
By following these steps, conducting research, and analyzing the behavior of strike-slip faults, you should be able to provide a comprehensive answer to the question regarding specific types of damage San Francisco would experience if these faults were to become active.