When the amount of sodium ion in extracellular fluid INCREASES:
a) ADH secretion decreases
b) there is a decreased thirst
c) there is an increase in the volume of urine produced
d) osmoreceptors are stimulated
e) aldosterone secretion increases
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a
When the amount of sodium ion in extracellular fluid increases, the correct answer is option e) aldosterone secretion increases.
To understand why, let's break down the explanation:
Sodium ions are important in maintaining fluid balance in our body. They work closely with water to regulate blood pressure and volume. When there is an increase in the concentration of sodium ions in the extracellular fluid, it is considered as hypernatremia.
In response to hypernatremia, the body has a hormone called aldosterone that plays a crucial role. Aldosterone is secreted by the adrenal glands in response to low blood pressure or low sodium concentration in the blood. Its main function is to regulate the balance of sodium and potassium ions in the body.
When the amount of sodium ion in extracellular fluid increases, it activates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). This system triggers the release of aldosterone. Aldosterone acts on the kidneys to increase the reabsorption of sodium from the urine back into the blood, while also excreting potassium ions into the urine.
By increasing the reabsorption of sodium, aldosterone helps to restore normal sodium levels in the blood. This process also increases water reabsorption, leading to an increase in blood volume and subsequent increase in blood pressure. The increased blood pressure helps to improve perfusion to vital organs.
Therefore, the correct answer is e) aldosterone secretion increases when the amount of sodium ion in the extracellular fluid increases.