Give the number of unpaired electrons present in a ground-state atom of Tl.
I got 5, which isn't right.
ndicate which species in each pair has the higher ionization energy.
Choose at least one answer.
a. Between K and I, I
b. Between K and I, K
c. Between Al and Al+, Al
d. Between Al and Al+, Al+
e. Between Ar and Cl-, Ar
f. Between Ar and Cl-, Cl-
g. Between Mg and Ca, Mg
h. Between Mg and Ca, Ca
I got a,c,e,f,g but i only got .25/1 right. I thought I got this because all you have to do is follow what the periodic table pattern says, but I keep getting it wrong so any help is appreciated!
http://www.webelements.com/thallium/atoms.html
I see the 1 unpaired p electron.
I don't understand question 2.
To determine the number of unpaired electrons in a ground-state atom of Tl (Thallium), you can refer to its electron configuration. Thallium has an atomic number of 81, indicating that it has 81 electrons.
The electron configuration of Tl is [Xe] 4f^14 5d^10 6s^2 6p^1.
To determine the number of unpaired electrons, you can look at the last orbital (highest energy level) that is partially filled, which in this case is the 6p orbital. The 6p orbital can hold a maximum of 6 electrons (2 in each px, py, and pz), and Tl has only 1 electron in it. Hence, Thallium has 1 unpaired electron.
Regarding the ionization energy:
a. Between K (Potassium) and I (Iodine), Iodine (I) has a higher ionization energy. Correct.
b. Between K (Potassium) and I (Iodine), Potassium (K) has a lower ionization energy.
c. Between Al (Aluminum) and Al+ (Aluminum ion), Aluminum (Al) has a lower ionization energy.
d. Between Al (Aluminum) and Al+ (Aluminum ion), Aluminum ion (Al+) has a higher ionization energy. Correct.
e. Between Ar (Argon) and Cl- (Chloride ion), Argon (Ar) has a lower ionization energy.
f. Between Ar (Argon) and Cl- (Chloride ion), Chloride ion (Cl-) has a higher ionization energy. Correct.
g. Between Mg (Magnesium) and Ca (Calcium), Magnesium (Mg) has a lower ionization energy.
h. Between Mg (Magnesium) and Ca (Calcium), Calcium (Ca) has a higher ionization energy. Correct.
So, with the corrections, the correct answers are: a, d, f, h.
To determine the number of unpaired electrons in a ground-state atom of Tl (thallium), we need to look at its electron configuration. Thallium (Tl) has an atomic number of 81, which means it has 81 electrons.
The electron configuration of Tl in its ground state is: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6p¹.
To count the number of unpaired electrons, we have to look at the last electron(s) added to the electron configuration. In the case of Tl, the last electron added is the 6p¹ electron. Since there is only one electron in the 6p orbital, Tl has 1 unpaired electron.
Therefore, the number of unpaired electrons in a ground-state atom of Tl is 1, not 5.
Now let's analyze the ionization energy comparisons provided:
a. Between K (potassium) and I (iodine): Iodine (I) has a higher ionization energy than potassium (K) because iodine has a larger atomic radius and a higher effective nuclear charge.
b. Between K and I: The correct answer is I (as explained above).
c. Between Al and Al⁺: Aluminum (Al⁺) has a higher ionization energy than aluminum (Al) because Al⁺ has lost one electron, resulting in a smaller electron cloud and a higher effective nuclear charge. Therefore, the correct answer is Al.
d. Between Al and Al⁺: The correct answer is Al.
e. Between Ar (argon) and Cl⁻ (chloride ion): Chloride ion (Cl⁻) has a higher ionization energy than argon (Ar) since Cl⁻ has a larger electron cloud and a higher effective nuclear charge.
f. Between Ar and Cl⁻: The correct answer is Cl⁻.
g. Between Mg (magnesium) and Ca (calcium): Magnesium (Mg) has a higher ionization energy than calcium (Ca) because Mg has a smaller atomic radius and a higher effective nuclear charge.
h. Between Mg and Ca: The correct answer is Mg.
From the above analysis, the correct answers are: b, d, f, and g.