1- The equipment needed to carry out a titration is:

A)
hot plate, pipet, and filter paper
B)
heat source, test tube, and filter paper
C)
heat source, pipet, and burette
D)
erlenmeyer flask, pipet, and burette

2- A student correctly predicted that 10.0 g of a precipitate would form when two aqueous solutions were reacted. When the solid was filtered and weighed, only 8.0 g of solid had been collected. A cause for the discrepancy is that
Question 12 options:

A)
the student forgot to subtract the mass of the filter paper
B)
some precipitate went through the filter paper or funnel
C)
the sample was still wet when weighed
D)
the student did the reaction at STP instead of SATP

1 is D.

I don't know what you did for #2.

Thanks Dr. Bob

for #D this is the question given, there is no lab given!

Some educated guesses.

It can't be C as extra H2O when weighed would make the apparent weight more than 8.0 g.
B is a good possibility.
I doubt D since this was not a gas experiment.
A. It isn't clear how the mass of the filter paper figures into the mass of the ppt and since B looks like a good answer I would go with B.

1 - The equipment needed to carry out a titration is:

The correct answer is (D) erlenmeyer flask, pipet, and burette.

To determine the correct answer, we need to understand the purpose of titration. Titration is a technique used in chemistry to determine the concentration of a specific substance in a solution by adding a reagent of known concentration to the solution until a reaction takes place.

The equipment mentioned in option (D) - erlenmeyer flask, pipet, and burette - are the essential tools required for performing a titration:
- Erlenmeyer flask: This is a conical flask with a narrow neck used to hold the solution being analyzed during the titration.
- Pipet: This is used to measure a precise volume of the solution being analyzed.
- Burette: This is a long, graduated tube with a stopcock at the bottom. It is used to deliver accurately measured volumes of the reagent solution.

Options (A), (B), and (C) mention incorrect equipment or missing essential tools required for performing titration.

2 - A student correctly predicted that 10.0 g of a precipitate would form when two aqueous solutions were reacted. However, when the solid was filtered and weighed, only 8.0 g of solid had been collected. A possible cause for this discrepancy is:

The correct answer is (B) some precipitate went through the filter paper or funnel.

To determine the correct answer, we need to critically analyze the situation. The student predicted that 10.0 g of a precipitate would form during the reaction. However, when the solid was filtered and weighed, only 8.0 g was collected.

Option (A) - It is unlikely that the student forgot to subtract the mass of the filter paper, as this would result in an additional weight, not a lesser weight.

Option (C) - If the sample was still wet when weighed, it could potentially result in a lower weight. However, this is less likely to cause a significant discrepancy of 2.0 g.

Option (D) - Doing the reaction at STP (Standard Temperature and Pressure) or SATP (Standard Ambient Temperature and Pressure) versus each other does not directly affect the weight of the solid precipitate.

Option (B) - This is the most likely cause for the discrepancy. When the solid is filtered, it is possible for some of the precipitate particles to pass through the filter paper or funnel, resulting in a lower collection of solid. This could be due to issues such as improper filter paper size, clogging, or inadequate filtration technique.

Therefore, option (B) is the most logical explanation for the lower collection of solid in this case.