Which of the following ionic compounds are soluble in water?
Potassium perchlorate
Lithium phosphate
Lead nitrate
Barium perchlorate
Lead iodide
KClO4 (solubility is about 1.5 g/100 g) so some may consider this insoluble but I don't. KClO4 is the least soluble of the perchlorates.
Li3PO4
Pb(NO3)2
Ba(ClO4)2
PbI2 is insoluble.
To determine which of the given ionic compounds are soluble in water, we can use some general solubility rules for common ionic compounds.
1. All compounds containing Group 1 metals (such as potassium) and ammonium (NH4+) are soluble in water. This means that potassium perchlorate is soluble in water.
2. Most compounds containing nitrate (NO3-) ions are soluble in water. Therefore, lead nitrate is also soluble in water.
3. The solubility of compounds containing halide ions (such as iodide) depends on the specific halide and the metal cation involved. In general, lead iodide is insoluble in water. However, a common exception to this rule is if the cation is from Group 1 (such as potassium) or ammonium (NH4+). But in this case, the cation is lead, so lead iodide is insoluble in water.
4. Lithium phosphate and barium perchlorate are not mentioned in any general solubility rules, so we need to determine their solubility individually. Lithium compounds are typically soluble, so lithium phosphate is soluble in water. Barium compounds, on the other hand, are usually insoluble except when paired with highly soluble anions. Since perchlorate is a highly soluble anion, barium perchlorate is soluble in water.
Therefore, the ionic compounds soluble in water from the given options are: potassium perchlorate, lithium phosphate, lead nitrate, and barium perchlorate.